Welfare and Development Services Administration Questions and Answers

Answer: B

The objectives are (b), (c) and (d), so the answer is (b), (c), (d).

A public corporation is created by a special statute, such as the Life Insurance Corporation or the Food Corporation of India. The corporate form was chosen to give state enterprises operational flexibility and autonomy that a government department lacks (b), and such corporations were set up to run large-scale projects in key sectors (d) and to create employment (c).

Profit-making (a) is not the purpose: public corporations serve public goals, and many are expected only to cover costs. So codes that rest on (a), or leave out (b), are wrong.

Answer: A

The keyed description is 'Corporate Citizenship'.

Corporate social responsibility is the idea that a company is answerable not only to its shareholders but to society: employees, consumers, the community and the environment. Describing a company as a corporate citizen captures exactly this, since like a citizen it has duties to the wider society in which it operates, and the two terms are often used interchangeably.

Responsibility towards employees is only one part of CSR, so that option is too narrow. Corporate charity is one possible activity under CSR, not its meaning. 'Corporate policy' is any policy a company adopts and says nothing about social responsibility.

Answer: A

Corporate Social Responsibility is provided for under the Companies Act 2013.

Section 135 of the Act requires a company with a net worth of Rs. 500 crore or more, a turnover of Rs. 1,000 crore or more, or a net profit of Rs. 5 crore or more to form a CSR committee and spend at least 2% of its average net profits of the preceding three years on CSR activities listed in Schedule VII. India was the first country to make CSR spending mandatory in this way.

The Company Registration Act 2012, the Corporate Responsibility Act 2014 and the Corporate Act 2013 are not real statutes; they are invented names built to resemble the right one.

Answer: A

The key's answer is that both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

The question rests on a distinction made in Indian social work writing. A voluntary organisation, in that usage, is started by an individual or a group of citizens on their own initiative for welfare and development. Many bodies called NGOs, however, are initiated, sponsored and constituted by government as autonomous societies to pursue a particular development objective.

So the Assertion that not all NGOs are voluntary is true, and the Reason supplies exactly why: some NGOs owe their origin to government rather than to voluntary citizen action. That rules out the options treating (R) as false or as unconnected to (A).

Answer: D

The principle that does not belong to social welfare administration is the principle of individualisation.

Individualisation, treating each client as unique, is a principle of social casework (Biestek). The principles of social welfare administration, as listed by Harleigh Trecker and others, include the principles of professional responsibility, agency purpose, cultural setting, purposeful relationship, agency totality, participation, communication, leadership, planning, organisation, delegation, coordination, resource utilisation, change, evaluation and growth.

Professional responsibility, agency purpose and cultural setting are all in that list, so they are principles of administration.

Answer: A

POSDCORB stands for Planning, Organising, Staffing, Direction, Coordination, Reporting and Budgeting.

Luther Gulick coined the acronym in 1937, in a paper for the Brownlow Committee, to describe the functions of a chief executive: Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, CO-ordinating, Reporting and Budgeting.

Each other option changes one letter's meaning: S is Staffing, not Supervision; CO is Coordination, not Cooperation; and R is Reporting, keeping superiors and the public informed, not Research.

Answer: C

The section is 80 G.

Section 80G of the Income Tax Act, 1961 allows a deduction from taxable income for donations made to eligible funds and charitable institutions. The organisation must hold a valid 80G registration, and depending on the recipient the deduction is 100 per cent or 50 per cent of the donation, with or without a qualifying limit.

There is no section 60G, 70G or 90G dealing with charitable donations; the related provisions sit in the 80-series of Chapter VI-A, such as 80GGA for donations to scientific research and rural development.

Answer: A

The key is two.

The Indian Trusts Act, 1882 names three roles: the author of the trust, the trustee and the beneficiary. The author may be the trustee himself, so a trust can start with the author as trustee and one other person as beneficiary. A trust needs a beneficiary other than the trustee, which makes two persons the minimum. No larger number is needed.

What could not be confirmed: the Act does not state a number of persons in any section found, so 'two' is read from the roles and not quoted from a provision. The answer follows the University's key.

Answer: B

The 360 degree appraisal is a tool of the performance management system.

In a 360 degree appraisal, an employee's performance is rated not only by the supervisor but also by peers, subordinates, internal or external customers and the employee himself or herself. Combining these views gives a fuller picture of performance and behaviour, which feeds into appraisal, feedback and development within the organisation's performance management system.

Management by objectives appraises people against goals agreed with their supervisor. Competency mapping identifies the competencies a job requires. OD interventions are planned activities for organisational change. 360 degree feedback can support these, but it is fundamentally an appraisal tool.

Answer: A

The section is section 25 of the Indian Companies Act.

Section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956 allowed an association formed to promote commerce, art, science, religion, charity or any other useful object, which applies its income to those objects and pays no dividend, to be registered as a limited company without 'Limited' in its name. Such Section 25 companies were a standard legal form for non-profit organisations; under the Companies Act, 2013 the provision became section 8.

The Factories Act regulates working conditions in factories, and the Trade Unions Act provides for registering unions. There is no 'Indian Association Act'; societies are registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.