Information and Communication Technology Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Internal communication within an institution is done through a LAN, a local area network that links computers in one building or campus.

A WAN covers a wide area such as a country, EBB is not a standard network term, and MMS is a multimedia messaging service used on mobile phones, so the network meant for use inside an institution is the LAN.

A LAN usually runs over cables or wireless links inside a building and lets users share files, printers and the internet connection within the institution.

Answer: C

Virtual reality provides a participatory experience. The user is placed inside a computer-created environment and can move and act in it, with the system responding to what he does.

Sharp pictures describe quality of display, individual audio describes sound arrangements, and a preview of new films is a use of cinema promotion; none of them is the defining feature of virtual reality, which is taking part in the scene.

Gloves, headsets and other devices let the user feel present inside the created world, and this sense of taking part is the mark of virtual reality.

Answer: D

Twitter is a social network, a site where users build profiles, follow each other and share messages and links.

Amazon.com and eBay are online shopping sites, and gmail.com is an e-mail service, so they are not social networks in the usual sense.

Social networking sites are those whose main purpose is to let people form connections, share content and talk to each other, such as Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn.

Answer: C

'www' stands for world wide web.

It is the system of linked hypertext documents and resources that is accessed through the internet by a browser, developed by Tim Berners-Lee.

The other expansions, such as 'work with web', 'word wide web' and 'worth while web', are not terms in use.

On the web, pages are fetched by their address, called a URL, through the protocol http. The internet is the network of computers, and the web is one service that runs over it, along with e-mail and file transfer.

Answer: B

A hard disk track is further subdivided into sectors.

The surface of a disk platter is divided into concentric circles, the tracks, and each track is cut into small arcs called sectors, the smallest unit in which data is stored.

A cluster is a group of sectors used by the operating system. Heads are the parts that read and write, and vectors are not a division of a disk.

Data on a disk is thus addressed by track and sector, and the operating system groups a number of sectors into a cluster when it stores a file.

Answer: D

A program that translates a program statement by statement into machine language is an interpreter.

An interpreter takes one statement, translates it, executes it and then moves to the next, so errors show up as the statement is reached.

A compiler translates the whole program at once. A translator is the general term covering assemblers, compilers and interpreters, and a simulator imitates the behaviour of another system.

Answer: A

A gigabyte is equal to 1024 megabytes.

In computing, each unit is 1024 times the one before it: 1024 bytes make a kilobyte, 1024 kilobytes a megabyte, 1024 megabytes a gigabyte and 1024 gigabytes a terabyte.

1024 kilobytes make a megabyte, 1024 terabytes make a petabyte and 1024 bytes make a kilobyte, so those options name other units.

The binary basis of computer storage is the reason for the factor 1024, which is 2 to the power 10, rather than 1000.

Answer: B

A compiler is software that converts a high level language to machine language.

The compiler reads the source program written in a language such as C or Pascal and produces object code in machine language that the computer can run.

The reverse, from machine language to a high level language, is a decompiler. Converting characters or words to bits is the work of an encoder or character-coding scheme, not a compiler.

Answer: C

Virtual memory is an illusion of extremely large main memory.

The operating system uses part of the disk as if it were main memory, swapping pieces in and out, so that programs behave as though more main memory exists than the physical RAM.

It is not actually larger main memory or secondary memory. It is also not a type of memory peculiar to supercomputers, because ordinary operating systems use it.

The operating system does this by paging, moving blocks of data between RAM and the disk as needed, which is why too much swapping slows a computer.

Answer: B

The ethical protocol of the Internet is called netiquette.

The word combines net and etiquette, and it covers the accepted rules of polite and responsible behaviour online, such as respecting others in emails and forums and not sending spam.

Net protocol, net ethics and net morality are not the standard name for this code of conduct.

The word is often used in examination questions on information and communication technology, together with spam, phishing and cyber ethics, and it is a safe recall item.