Static and Dynamic Characteristics Questions and Answers

Q: ................ of a measuring system refers to its ability to follow instant by instant the measured with time.

The property described is fidelity.Fidelity is one of the dynamic characteristics of a measuring system: its ability to reproduce the input faithfully, following the measured quantity instant by instant as it varies with time, without dynamic error. A system of high fidelity gives an output waveform that matches the input waveform.Measurement lag is the delay in the system's response, which reduces fidelity rather than describing it. Settling time is how long the output takes to come within a band of its final value after a step, and bandwidth is the range of frequencies the system passes. Both affect how well it can follow a signal, but neither is the name of that ability.

Q: The time constant of a first-order sensor determines

The time constant determines the speed of response.A first-order sensor, such as a thermometer or thermistor, follows a step input exponentially:\[ y(t) = K\left(1 - e^{-t/\tau}\right) \]The time constant tau is the time to reach 63.2% of the final value, and the output is within about 1% after 5 tau. A smaller tau means a faster sensor.Sensitivity is the static gain K, linearity describes how straight the input-output relation is, and range is the span of inputs. All three are static characteristics, while tau describes the dynamic response.

................ of a measuring system refers to its ability to follow instant by instant the measured with time.

A.Bandwidth
B.Fidelity
C.Measurement lag
D.Settling time

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The property described is fidelity.

Fidelity is one of the dynamic characteristics of a measuring system: its ability to reproduce the input faithfully, following the measured quantity instant by instant as it varies with time, without dynamic error. A system of high fidelity gives an output waveform that matches the input waveform.

Measurement lag is the delay in the system's response, which reduces fidelity rather than describing it. Settling time is how long the output takes to come within a band of its final value after a step, and bandwidth is the range of frequencies the system passes. Both affect how well it can follow a signal, but neither is the name of that ability.

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What will be the ratio of amplitudes of largest (maximum) signal to smallest (minimum) signal to which the system is subjected ?

A.Time constant
B.Settling period
C.Dynamic range
D.Bandwidth

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The ratio of the largest to the smallest signal a system handles is its dynamic range.

Dynamic range compares the maximum input the system can accept without overload or distortion with the minimum it can detect, usually set by noise or resolution. It is often quoted in decibels:

\[ \text{DR} = 20\log_{10}\frac{V_{max}}{V_{min}}\ \text{dB} \]

An ideal 16-bit converter, for instance, has about 96 dB.

Time constant and settling period describe how fast the system responds to a change, and bandwidth is the range of frequencies it passes. None of them is a ratio of signal amplitudes.

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The time constant of a first-order sensor determines

A.Sensitivity
B.Linearity
C.Speed of response
D.Range

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2026,

Answer: C

The time constant determines the speed of response.

A first-order sensor, such as a thermometer or thermistor, follows a step input exponentially:

\[ y(t) = K\left(1 - e^{-t/\tau}\right) \]

The time constant tau is the time to reach 63.2% of the final value, and the output is within about 1% after 5 tau. A smaller tau means a faster sensor.

Sensitivity is the static gain K, linearity describes how straight the input-output relation is, and range is the span of inputs. All three are static characteristics, while tau describes the dynamic response.

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