Rotary screen printing applies the paste through
Answer: A
The paste is fed inside the cylinder and forced through the open areas as it rotates. It combines the speed of roller printing with the design freedom of screen printing. The squeegee sits inside the rotating cylinder.
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Match each printing method with its distinguishing feature.
List I
A. Rotary screen
B. Flat screen
C. Roller printing
D. Digital ink jet
List II
1. an engraved copper roller carrying the paste
2. a seamless cylinder with an internal squeegee
3. drops of ink placed by a print head with no screen
4. a flat frame lowered onto the fabric in steps
Answer: B
Correct answer: A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
Four methods and four mechanisms. A rotary screen is a seamless perforated cylinder with the squeegee inside it, printing continuously as the fabric passes beneath. A flat screen is a frame lowered onto the cloth, printed, lifted and indexed forward. Roller printing uses an engraved copper roller carrying paste in its recesses. Digital ink jet places drops from a print head with no image carrier at all.
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Assertion (A): Rotary screen printing has largely displaced roller printing.
Reason (R): Screen engraving is far cheaper and quicker than engraving a copper roller.
Answer: C
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason is the commercial cause. A rotary screen is engraved photochemically in hours at modest cost, while a copper roller must be engraved mechanically or chemically at far greater expense and lead time. Rotary also prints faster and lays down a thicker film of paste, so roller printing survives only for very fine detail.
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The repeat of a printed design is limited by
Answer: D
A design longer than the circumference cannot be reproduced without a visible join. Digital printing removes the limit entirely, which is one of its main design advantages. A join would show wherever the repeat falls short.
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State whether the following is true or false.
Digital ink jet printing places no limit on the repeat length of a design.
Answer: A
There is no cylinder, so the pattern can be as long as the file. This makes engineered prints and photographic designs practical in a way they never were with screens or rollers. The pattern length is limited only by the file.
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A flat screen printing machine differs from rotary in that it
Answer: B
Correct answer: prints intermittently, the fabric stopping
A flat screen must be lowered, squeegeed, raised and the fabric advanced before the next repeat, so the cloth moves in steps and the machine is inherently slower than a rotary. What it offers in exchange is a longer repeat, large flat areas of even colour, and economical short runs, since a flat screen is cheaper to make than a cylinder.
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All of the following are advantages of digital printing EXCEPT
Answer: C
Throughput is where digital still lags well behind rotary screen, which is why long runs continue to go to screens. The other three are exactly why digital took the short run market. Screens still win on speed by a wide margin.
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Consider the following statements about digital textile printing.
1. It requires no screens and so no engraving cost.
2. Its throughput is lower than rotary screen printing.
3. It is the cheapest method for very long runs.
Answer: D
Correct answer: 1 and 2 only
Statements 1 and 2 are correct: no screens means no engraving cost and no minimum run to amortise it, but throughput is far below a rotary machine’s. Statement 3 inverts the economics - digital has a high cost per metre, so on a long run the rotary machine’s one-off engraving cost is spread thin and it becomes much the cheaper of the two.
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Assertion (A): Digital printing is used for short runs and sampling while rotary screen takes the long runs.
Reason (R): Digital has no engraving cost but a higher cost per metre printed.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason gives the crossover. Digital carries no setup cost but a high running cost; rotary carries a substantial setup cost and a low running cost. The two cost lines cross at some run length, so each method owns the side it is cheaper on - which is why digital dominates sampling, short runs and made-to-order work rather than competing across the board.
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The squeegee in a rotary screen machine
Answer: B
It may be a blade or a magnetically pressed rod, and the pressure controls how much paste is transferred. Adjusting it is one of the printer's main levers over depth of shade. Magnetic rod squeegees are common on modern machines.
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