Knowledge Organisation and Retrieval Questions and Answers

Q: "Dynamic Theory" of classification was suggested by :

The dynamic theory of classification is credited to S.R. Ranganathan.Ranganathan distinguished the older descriptive or enumerative approach, in which a scheme lists ready-made classes, from a dynamic theory in which classes are built by analysing a subject into facets and synthesising class numbers from them. His Colon Classification, revised edition after edition into a freely faceted scheme, put that theory into practice, and his postulates and canons gave it a formal basis.Melvil Dewey produced the largely enumerative Decimal Classification. W.C.B. Sayers wrote canons for the older descriptive theory, and J.D. Brown devised the Subject Classification, also an enumerative scheme.

Q: The concept of 'speciator' was first adopted in which edition of CC ?

The speciator was first adopted in the 7th edition of Colon Classification.The 7th edition of CC, published in 1987 after Ranganathan's death and edited by M.A. Gopinath, introduced several new devices of the freely faceted version of the scheme. Among them was the speciator, used to divide a basic subject or isolate further into its species, along with new common isolates and a more hospitable notation.The 4th edition (1952) is remembered for the five fundamental categories PMEST, and the 5th and 6th editions (1957 and 1960) refined the faceted structure, but none of them used the speciator, so the earlier editions are wrong.

Q: Mrs. Anuradha Vaidya Kaginalikar; a fiction writer will be rendered as per AACR 2 as :

Under AACR 2 the heading is Vaidya Kaginalkar, Mrs. Anuradha.AACR 2 enters a person under the surname, inverted, with a comma before the forenames. A compound surname is entered under its first element, so the whole surname Vaidya Kaginalkar comes first. Where a term of address such as Mrs. is added, AACR 2 places it after the surname, before the forename, as in Ward, Mrs. Humphry.Option B gives the name in direct order, which AACR 2 does not use for a surname-bearing name. Options A and D, with the entry element in capitals and the forename in brackets, follow the style of Ranganathan's Classified Catalogue Code, not AACR 2.

Q: Which of the following canon says that choice and rendering of heading should be determined from the title page and its verso :

This is the Canon of ascertainability.Among Ranganathan's normative principles of cataloguing, the canon of ascertainability says that the choice and rendering of the heading should, as far as possible, be determined from the title page and its overflow pages (the verso), so that the cataloguer and the reader can check it from the book itself.The canon of prepotence concerns concentrating the potency to decide an entry's position in the leading section of the heading. The canon of currency says that the name used should be the one current among readers. The canon of consistency asks that the same rules be applied the same way throughout the catalogue. None is about the title page.

Q: Which of the following is not a standard for bibliographic records ?

The answer is AACR-2.ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description) prescribes the elements of a bibliographic record and their order and punctuation, MARC is the machine-readable format in which records are coded, and ISO 2709 is the international standard structure for exchanging such records on tape or file. All three standardise the bibliographic record itself.AACR-2, the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition, is a cataloguing code: a body of rules telling a cataloguer how to choose access points and form headings. It applies the ISBD within its rules but is not itself a standard for the record, which is the distinction the question rests on.

Q: Gap device helps in making a classification scheme more :

Gap devices make a classification scheme more hospitable.Hospitality is the ability of a scheme to fit new subjects into the right place without disturbing existing class numbers. The gap device leaves unused numbers or digits in an array of the notation, so that a new subject that arises later can be given one of the vacant numbers at its proper position.Gap devices do not make a scheme faceted, which depends on analysing subjects into facets, nor more hierarchical, which concerns the expression of subordination in the notation. An enumerative scheme lists its classes in advance; leaving gaps is a stop-gap within such schemes, not what makes them enumerative.

Q: Arrange the following steps in thesaurus construction in logical order :(i) Selection of terms(ii) Analysis of terms(iii) Recording of terms(iv) Alphabetical thesaurus production

The logical order is (i), (iii), (ii), (iv): select the terms, record them, analyse them, then produce the alphabetical thesaurus.Thesaurus construction begins by collecting candidate terms from the literature, indexes and users and selecting those to be admitted. Each selected term is then recorded, traditionally on a term card or in a term record, so that it can be worked on. Only then are the recorded terms analysed: grouped into facets, and given their broader, narrower, related and equivalent relationships. The alphabetical display is the last step, generated from the analysed structure.Orders that put the alphabetical production second or third, or that begin with recording before selection, reverse this dependence: nothing can be recorded before it is selected, and nothing can be displayed before its relationships are settled.

Q: Match the following with the help of codes given below and select the correct answer from the codes given below :List-IList-II(a) Symbiosis between classification and cataloguing(i) UNISIST(b) UBC(ii) Mutualism(c) CIP (1971)(iii) Ranganathan(d) Pre-natal cataloguing(iv) Library of Congress

The correct matching is a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii.The close dependence of classification and cataloguing on each other is described as mutualism, a biological word for a symbiotic relationship (a-ii). Cataloguing in Publication (CIP) was launched by the Library of Congress in 1971 (c-iv), and pre-natal cataloguing, cataloguing a book before it is published so that the data can be printed in it, was proposed by Ranganathan (d-iii), the idea that CIP later put into practice. That leaves Universal Bibliographic Control with UNISIST (b-i), UNESCO's programme for a world science information system, which shared the aim of making every document's record available worldwide.The other codes break at least one of the firm pairs: CIP with the Library of Congress, or pre-natal cataloguing with Ranganathan.

Q: Classification Research Group (CRG) was formed in :

The Classification Research Group was formed in Great Britain.The CRG was founded in London in 1952 by British librarians and documentalists, among them B.C. Vickery, D.J. Foskett, Jack Mills and B.I. Palmer. It took up Ranganathan's facet analysis and argued, in its 1955 memorandum, that facet analysis is the basis of all classification. Its work led to faceted special schemes and to the second edition of Bliss (BC2).Although the faceted ideas it developed came from India, the Group itself was British. It had no American or German counterpart under that name, so the other options are wrong.

Q: According to AACR2, The Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994 will be rendered as :

Under AACR2 the Act is rendered as Maharashtra Law, Statutes, etc. The Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994.AACR2 enters a law governing one jurisdiction under the heading for that jurisdiction, here the state of Maharashtra, followed by a uniform title for laws (Laws, etc. in AACR2, Laws, statutes, etc. in the earlier codes) and the particular title of the Act. Entering under the jurisdiction brings all of a government's laws together in the catalogue.Entering under the title alone, as in the second option, ignores the rule for laws. The first option is not a valid heading form, and the third invents a 'Government of' subheading that the rule does not use.

"Dynamic Theory" of classification was suggested by :

A.Melvil Dewey
B.S.R. Ranganathan
C.W.C.B. Sayers
D.J.D. Brown

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The dynamic theory of classification is credited to S.R. Ranganathan.

Ranganathan distinguished the older descriptive or enumerative approach, in which a scheme lists ready-made classes, from a dynamic theory in which classes are built by analysing a subject into facets and synthesising class numbers from them. His Colon Classification, revised edition after edition into a freely faceted scheme, put that theory into practice, and his postulates and canons gave it a formal basis.

Melvil Dewey produced the largely enumerative Decimal Classification. W.C.B. Sayers wrote canons for the older descriptive theory, and J.D. Brown devised the Subject Classification, also an enumerative scheme.

Discuss in Forum

The concept of 'speciator' was first adopted in which edition of CC ?

A.4th
B.5th
C.6th
D.7th

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

The speciator was first adopted in the 7th edition of Colon Classification.

The 7th edition of CC, published in 1987 after Ranganathan's death and edited by M.A. Gopinath, introduced several new devices of the freely faceted version of the scheme. Among them was the speciator, used to divide a basic subject or isolate further into its species, along with new common isolates and a more hospitable notation.

The 4th edition (1952) is remembered for the five fundamental categories PMEST, and the 5th and 6th editions (1957 and 1960) refined the faceted structure, but none of them used the speciator, so the earlier editions are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

Mrs. Anuradha Vaidya Kaginalikar; a fiction writer will be rendered as per AACR 2 as :

A.Mrs. VAIDYA KAGINALKAR (Anuradha) ( )
B.Mrs. Anuradha Vaidya-Kaginalkar
C.Vaidya Kaginalkar, Mrs. Anuradha
D.VAIDYA KAGINALKAR, (Mrs. Anuradha) ( )

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

Under AACR 2 the heading is Vaidya Kaginalkar, Mrs. Anuradha.

AACR 2 enters a person under the surname, inverted, with a comma before the forenames. A compound surname is entered under its first element, so the whole surname Vaidya Kaginalkar comes first. Where a term of address such as Mrs. is added, AACR 2 places it after the surname, before the forename, as in Ward, Mrs. Humphry.

Option B gives the name in direct order, which AACR 2 does not use for a surname-bearing name. Options A and D, with the entry element in capitals and the forename in brackets, follow the style of Ranganathan's Classified Catalogue Code, not AACR 2.

Discuss in Forum

Which of the following canon says that choice and rendering of heading should be determined from the title page and its verso :

A.Canon of prepotence
B.Canon of currency
C.Canon of ascertainability
D.Canon of consistency

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

This is the Canon of ascertainability.

Among Ranganathan's normative principles of cataloguing, the canon of ascertainability says that the choice and rendering of the heading should, as far as possible, be determined from the title page and its overflow pages (the verso), so that the cataloguer and the reader can check it from the book itself.

The canon of prepotence concerns concentrating the potency to decide an entry's position in the leading section of the heading. The canon of currency says that the name used should be the one current among readers. The canon of consistency asks that the same rules be applied the same way throughout the catalogue. None is about the title page.

Discuss in Forum

Which of the following is not a standard for bibliographic records ?

A.ISBD
B.MARC
C.ISO-2709
D.AACR-2

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

The answer is AACR-2.

ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description) prescribes the elements of a bibliographic record and their order and punctuation, MARC is the machine-readable format in which records are coded, and ISO 2709 is the international standard structure for exchanging such records on tape or file. All three standardise the bibliographic record itself.

AACR-2, the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition, is a cataloguing code: a body of rules telling a cataloguer how to choose access points and form headings. It applies the ISBD within its rules but is not itself a standard for the record, which is the distinction the question rests on.

Discuss in Forum

Gap device helps in making a classification scheme more :

A.Faceted
B.Hierarchical
C.Hospitable
D.Enumerative

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

Gap devices make a classification scheme more hospitable.

Hospitality is the ability of a scheme to fit new subjects into the right place without disturbing existing class numbers. The gap device leaves unused numbers or digits in an array of the notation, so that a new subject that arises later can be given one of the vacant numbers at its proper position.

Gap devices do not make a scheme faceted, which depends on analysing subjects into facets, nor more hierarchical, which concerns the expression of subordination in the notation. An enumerative scheme lists its classes in advance; leaving gaps is a stop-gap within such schemes, not what makes them enumerative.

Discuss in Forum

Arrange the following steps in thesaurus construction in logical order :

(i) Selection of terms
(ii) Analysis of terms
(iii) Recording of terms
(iv) Alphabetical thesaurus production

A.(i), (iv), (ii), (iii)
B.(i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
C.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
D.(iii), (i), (ii), (iv)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The logical order is (i), (iii), (ii), (iv): select the terms, record them, analyse them, then produce the alphabetical thesaurus.

Thesaurus construction begins by collecting candidate terms from the literature, indexes and users and selecting those to be admitted. Each selected term is then recorded, traditionally on a term card or in a term record, so that it can be worked on. Only then are the recorded terms analysed: grouped into facets, and given their broader, narrower, related and equivalent relationships. The alphabetical display is the last step, generated from the analysed structure.

Orders that put the alphabetical production second or third, or that begin with recording before selection, reverse this dependence: nothing can be recorded before it is selected, and nothing can be displayed before its relationships are settled.

Discuss in Forum

Match the following with the help of codes given below and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List-I	List-II
(a) Symbiosis between classification and cataloguing	(i) UNISIST
(b) UBC	(ii) Mutualism
(c) CIP (1971)	(iii) Ranganathan
(d) Pre-natal cataloguing	(iv) Library of Congress

A.a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii
B.a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
C.a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
D.a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The correct matching is a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii.

The close dependence of classification and cataloguing on each other is described as mutualism, a biological word for a symbiotic relationship (a-ii). Cataloguing in Publication (CIP) was launched by the Library of Congress in 1971 (c-iv), and pre-natal cataloguing, cataloguing a book before it is published so that the data can be printed in it, was proposed by Ranganathan (d-iii), the idea that CIP later put into practice. That leaves Universal Bibliographic Control with UNISIST (b-i), UNESCO's programme for a world science information system, which shared the aim of making every document's record available worldwide.

The other codes break at least one of the firm pairs: CIP with the Library of Congress, or pre-natal cataloguing with Ranganathan.

Discuss in Forum

Classification Research Group (CRG) was formed in :

A.India
B.Great Britain
C.USA
D.Germany

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The Classification Research Group was formed in Great Britain.

The CRG was founded in London in 1952 by British librarians and documentalists, among them B.C. Vickery, D.J. Foskett, Jack Mills and B.I. Palmer. It took up Ranganathan's facet analysis and argued, in its 1955 memorandum, that facet analysis is the basis of all classification. Its work led to faceted special schemes and to the second edition of Bliss (BC2).

Although the faceted ideas it developed came from India, the Group itself was British. It had no American or German counterpart under that name, so the other options are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

10.

According to AACR2, The Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994 will be rendered as :

A.MAHARASHTRA (Universities Act), 1994
B.Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994
C.Maharashtra (Government of -), Universities Act, 1994
D.Maharashtra Law, Statutes, etc. The Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

Under AACR2 the Act is rendered as Maharashtra Law, Statutes, etc. The Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994.

AACR2 enters a law governing one jurisdiction under the heading for that jurisdiction, here the state of Maharashtra, followed by a uniform title for laws (Laws, etc. in AACR2, Laws, statutes, etc. in the earlier codes) and the particular title of the Act. Entering under the jurisdiction brings all of a government's laws together in the catalogue.

Entering under the title alone, as in the second option, ignores the rule for laws. The first option is not a valid heading form, and the third invents a 'Government of' subheading that the rule does not use.

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