Air Pollution and Its Control Questions and Answers

Q: SPM stands for

SPM stands for Suspended Particulate Matter.SPM is the general term for the fine solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air, such as dust, smoke, soot and fly ash. It is a key measure of air pollution, and its finer fractions, PM10 and PM2.5, can enter deep into the lungs and cause respiratory and heart disease.'Suspended Particle Matter' is a near-miss wording, not the standard term. Sulphur monoxide is an unstable gas, unrelated to the abbreviation; the common sulphur pollutant is sulphur dioxide. Since one option is correct, 'None of the above' is wrong.

Q: A secondary pollutant is

The secondary pollutant is PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate).A secondary pollutant is not emitted directly but forms in the atmosphere when primary pollutants react. PAN is produced when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides from vehicle exhaust react in sunlight, and it is a key component of photochemical smog, irritating the eyes and damaging plants.Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are primary pollutants emitted directly by combustion. Aerosols are mostly emitted directly too (dust, smoke), so they are not the clear example of a secondary pollutant the question seeks.

Q: Depletion of ozone layer is due to oxides of which of the following?

The key's answer is oxides of nitrogen.Nitrogen oxides, from supersonic aircraft exhaust and from nitrous oxide released by fertilisers, react with ozone in the stratosphere and break it down, which is why they are named among the causes of ozone depletion. The chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons is the other main culprit.Oxides of carbon (carbon dioxide and monoxide) and of phosphorus do not destroy stratospheric ozone in this way.

Q: Ozone layer thickness is measured in :

Ozone layer thickness is measured in Dobson units.One Dobson unit is the amount of ozone that would form a layer 0.01 mm thick if all the ozone in a column of the atmosphere were compressed to standard temperature and pressure. A typical total is about 300 DU; an 'ozone hole' is usually defined as values below 220 DU.Decibels measure sound intensity. PPB and PPM are concentration units used for gases near the ground, not for the total column of ozone overhead.

Q: Consider the following statements regarding Styrene gas leakage from LG Polymers Plant in Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh :1. Styrene gas that is used in the production of polystyrene plastics and resins is normally stored as liquid in factories.2. Short exposure to Styrene gas results in irritation of mucous membrane and eye, gastrointestinal effects and inhalation problems and long term exposure to the gas causes damage to central nervous system and fatality as well.Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Both statements are correct, so the answer is Both 1 and 2.Styrene, the monomer from which polystyrene plastics and resins are made, is a flammable liquid at room temperature and is stored as a liquid in tanks, ideally below about 20 degrees Celsius. The May 2020 disaster at LG Polymers in Visakhapatnam happened when the stored liquid heated up and polymerised in an uncontrolled way, releasing vapour (1).Short exposure irritates the eyes and mucous membranes and causes gastrointestinal and breathing problems, while long exposure affects the central nervous system and high doses can kill (2). So 'Only 1', 'Only 2' and 'Neither' each reject a correct statement.

11.

SPM stands for

A.Suspended Particulate Matter
B.Suspended Particle Matter
C.Sulphur monoxide
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC Forest Service - 2023,

Answer: A

SPM stands for Suspended Particulate Matter.

SPM is the general term for the fine solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air, such as dust, smoke, soot and fly ash. It is a key measure of air pollution, and its finer fractions, PM10 and PM2.5, can enter deep into the lungs and cause respiratory and heart disease.

'Suspended Particle Matter' is a near-miss wording, not the standard term. Sulphur monoxide is an unstable gas, unrelated to the abbreviation; the common sulphur pollutant is sulphur dioxide. Since one option is correct, 'None of the above' is wrong.

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12.

A secondary pollutant is

A.aerosol
B.carbon dioxide
C.PAN
D.carbon monoxide

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC Forest Service - 2023,

Answer: C

The secondary pollutant is PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate).

A secondary pollutant is not emitted directly but forms in the atmosphere when primary pollutants react. PAN is produced when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides from vehicle exhaust react in sunlight, and it is a key component of photochemical smog, irritating the eyes and damaging plants.

Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are primary pollutants emitted directly by combustion. Aerosols are mostly emitted directly too (dust, smoke), so they are not the clear example of a secondary pollutant the question seeks.

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13.

Depletion of ozone layer is due to oxides of which of the following?

A.Carbon
B.Nitrogen
C.Phosphorus
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC Forest Service - 2024,

Answer: B

The key's answer is oxides of nitrogen.

Nitrogen oxides, from supersonic aircraft exhaust and from nitrous oxide released by fertilisers, react with ozone in the stratosphere and break it down, which is why they are named among the causes of ozone depletion. The chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons is the other main culprit.

Oxides of carbon (carbon dioxide and monoxide) and of phosphorus do not destroy stratospheric ozone in this way.

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14.

Ozone layer thickness is measured in :

A.Decibels
B.Dobson units
C.PPB
D.PPM

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC State Service - 2024, MPPSC Forest Service - 2024,

Answer: B

Ozone layer thickness is measured in Dobson units.

One Dobson unit is the amount of ozone that would form a layer 0.01 mm thick if all the ozone in a column of the atmosphere were compressed to standard temperature and pressure. A typical total is about 300 DU; an 'ozone hole' is usually defined as values below 220 DU.

Decibels measure sound intensity. PPB and PPM are concentration units used for gases near the ground, not for the total column of ozone overhead.

Discuss in Forum

15.

Consider the following statements regarding Styrene gas leakage from LG Polymers Plant in Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh :

1. Styrene gas that is used in the production of polystyrene plastics and resins is normally stored as liquid in factories.
2. Short exposure to Styrene gas results in irritation of mucous membrane and eye, gastrointestinal effects and inhalation problems and long term exposure to the gas causes damage to central nervous system and fatality as well.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

A.Only 1
B.Only 2
C.Both 1 and 2
D.Neither 1 nor 2

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2021,

Answer: C

Both statements are correct, so the answer is Both 1 and 2.

Styrene, the monomer from which polystyrene plastics and resins are made, is a flammable liquid at room temperature and is stored as a liquid in tanks, ideally below about 20 degrees Celsius. The May 2020 disaster at LG Polymers in Visakhapatnam happened when the stored liquid heated up and polymerised in an uncontrolled way, releasing vapour (1).

Short exposure irritates the eyes and mucous membranes and causes gastrointestinal and breathing problems, while long exposure affects the central nervous system and high doses can kill (2). So 'Only 1', 'Only 2' and 'Neither' each reject a correct statement.

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16.

Three-way catalytic converter is used in vehicles to reduce

1. Unburnt Hydrocarbon
2. Carbon Monoxide
3. Nitric Oxide
4. Sulphur dioxide

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

A.Only 1, 2, and 3
B.Only 1, 3 and 4
C.Only 2, 3 and 4
D.Only 3 and 4

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2021,

Answer: A

A three-way converter reduces hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, so the answer is Only 1, 2, and 3.

The converter is called three-way because it handles three pollutants at once. Platinum and palladium catalysts oxidise unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water, and rhodium reduces oxides of nitrogen such as nitric oxide to nitrogen.

It does not remove sulphur dioxide; sulphur in fuel actually poisons the catalyst, which is why low-sulphur fuel is needed. So every option including 4 is wrong.

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