Modern Sources and British Expansion Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following statements about the Vernacular Press Act is/are correct?1. It was enacted by Lord Lytton.2. It came to be known as a 'Gagging Act'.3. The Act was repealed by Lord Ripon.Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

All three are correct: 1, 2 and 3.The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was passed under the Viceroy Lord Lytton to control the Indian-language press, which had criticised the government over the famine and other issues (1). Because it muzzled the vernacular papers but not English ones, it was nicknamed the 'Gagging Act' (2). Lord Ripon repealed it in 1881-82 (3).Since each statement is true, every narrower option is incomplete.

Q: When was Bihar first separated from the Bengal Presidency under the British-ruled India?

Bihar was first separated in 1912.After the reversal of the partition of Bengal announced at the Delhi Durbar of 1911, the new province of Bihar and Orissa was carved out of the Bengal Presidency with effect from 1 April 1912. Bihar became a separate province on its own in 1936, when Orissa was made a separate province.1936 is the year Bihar separated from Orissa, not from Bengal, and 1947 is Independence.

Q: Which of the following were the reasons for the failure of the Revolt of 1857?1. The military superiority of the British2. The rebels did not have a unified programme and ideology3. There was a lack of support from all the sections of societySelect the correct answer using the codes given below.

All three were reasons: All of the above.The revolt of 1857 failed because the British had superior arms, resources, communications and discipline (1); the rebels lacked a unified programme, leadership and ideology, and fought for different local aims (2); and many sections of society did not support it, including most rulers of princely states, big zamindars, merchants, the modern educated class, and much of the south and east (3).Since each reason is valid, every narrower option is incomplete.

Q: Lord Lytton is not associated with which of the following?

Lord Lytton is not associated with the Ilbert Bill.The Ilbert Bill of 1883, which would have allowed Indian judges to try Europeans, was introduced under Lord Ripon, Lytton's successor.The other three belong to Lytton's viceroyalty (1876-80): the Arms Act and the Vernacular Press Act, both of 1878, and the Famine Commission of 1878-80 under Richard Strachey.

Q: Which treaty was signed after the Battle of Buxar?

The treaty was the Treaty of Allahabad.After the East India Company defeated Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula of Awadh and the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II at Buxar in 1764, Robert Clive signed the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. The Company received the diwani, the right to collect revenue, of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.The Treaty of Sugauli (1815-16) ended the Anglo-Nepal War, the Treaty of Bassein (1802) bound the Peshwa to a subsidiary alliance, and the Treaty of Salbai (1782) ended the First Anglo-Maratha War.

Q: Which one of the following is incorrect ?

The incorrect statement is The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1880, to support the Government.The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878, under Lord Lytton, and its purpose was the opposite of support: it allowed the government to confiscate the presses and assets of Indian-language newspapers that published anything it found objectionable. It was an effort to silence critics of the government.The other three statements are correct. Dissatisfaction with British rule intensified in the 1870s and 1880s. The Arms Act of 1878 disallowed Indians from possessing arms. In 1883 there was a furore over the Ilbert Bill, which would have allowed Indian judges to try British or European persons, and white opposition forced the government to modify it.

Q: Consider the following statements (A) and (B).(A) The Government of India Act 1909, allowed for some elected representation system in India.(B) Through Government of India Act 1909 all adults were given the right to vote.Choose the correct option.

Only statement A is true, so the answer is Only (A) is true.The Government of India Act of 1909, known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, allowed some elected representation in the legislative councils for the first time on a significant scale. It also introduced separate electorates for Muslims.Statement B is false. The franchise under the 1909 Act was very limited and based on property, income and education, so only a small fraction of Indians could vote. All adults received the right to vote only with universal adult franchise under the Constitution of India in 1950. That rules out the options calling B true.

Q: In the 18th century, under whom did Bengal gradually break away from the Mughal control?

Bengal broke away under Murshid Quli Khan.Murshid Quli Khan was appointed deputy governor and then subadar of Bengal by the Mughals. In the early eighteenth century he took control of revenue administration and gradually made Bengal autonomous, while still sending tribute to Delhi. NCERT's Class VII history book names him as the ruler under whom Bengal broke away.Alivardi Khan ruled Bengal later (1740-1756), after Bengal was already independent in practice. Nadir Shah was the Persian ruler who sacked Delhi in 1739, and Burhan-ul-Mulk Saadat Khan founded the autonomous state of Awadh, not Bengal.

Q: Who among the following Governor-Generals decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal emperor and after his death none of the descendents would be recognized as a ruler?

The decision was taken by Lord Canning.In 1856, Governor-General Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king and that after his death none of his descendants would be recognised as kings; they would be called princes. NCERT's Class VIII history textbook records this in its account of the run-up to 1857.Lord Dalhousie, his predecessor, had announced in 1849 that the family would be moved out of the Red Fort, a related but different step. William Bentinck and Lord Cornwallis governed much earlier.

Q: Which Governor-General declared that Awadh was being misgoverned and British rule was needed to ensure proper administration?

The Governor-General was Lord Dalhousie.In 1856 Dalhousie annexed Awadh, declaring that the territory was being misgoverned and that British rule was needed to ensure proper administration. Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was deposed and sent to Calcutta, which caused deep resentment and fed into the revolt of 1857.Lord Canning succeeded Dalhousie in 1856, Lord Ripon governed in the 1880s and Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy in 1947.

Which of the following statements about the Vernacular Press Act is/are correct?

1. It was enacted by Lord Lytton.
2. It came to be known as a 'Gagging Act'.
3. The Act was repealed by Lord Ripon.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

A.Only 1 and 2
B.Only 2 and 3
C.Only 1
D.1, 2 and 3

Exam Year(s)

BPSC Exam - 2023, BPSC CDPO - 2023,

Answer: D

All three are correct: 1, 2 and 3.

The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was passed under the Viceroy Lord Lytton to control the Indian-language press, which had criticised the government over the famine and other issues (1). Because it muzzled the vernacular papers but not English ones, it was nicknamed the 'Gagging Act' (2). Lord Ripon repealed it in 1881-82 (3).

Since each statement is true, every narrower option is incomplete.

Discuss in Forum

When was Bihar first separated from the Bengal Presidency under the British-ruled India?

A.1912
B.1936
C.1947
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

BPSC Exam - 2023, BPSC CDPO - 2023,

Answer: A

Bihar was first separated in 1912.

After the reversal of the partition of Bengal announced at the Delhi Durbar of 1911, the new province of Bihar and Orissa was carved out of the Bengal Presidency with effect from 1 April 1912. Bihar became a separate province on its own in 1936, when Orissa was made a separate province.

1936 is the year Bihar separated from Orissa, not from Bengal, and 1947 is Independence.

Discuss in Forum

Which of the following were the reasons for the failure of the Revolt of 1857?

1. The military superiority of the British
2. The rebels did not have a unified programme and ideology
3. There was a lack of support from all the sections of society

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

A.Only 1 and 2
B.Only 2 and 3
C.All of the above
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

BPSC Exam - 2023, BPSC CDPO - 2023,

Answer: C

All three were reasons: All of the above.

The revolt of 1857 failed because the British had superior arms, resources, communications and discipline (1); the rebels lacked a unified programme, leadership and ideology, and fought for different local aims (2); and many sections of society did not support it, including most rulers of princely states, big zamindars, merchants, the modern educated class, and much of the south and east (3).

Since each reason is valid, every narrower option is incomplete.

Discuss in Forum

Lord Lytton is not associated with which of the following?

A.The Strachey Commission
B.The Arms Act
C.The Vernacular Press Act
D.The Ilbert Bill

Exam Year(s)

BPSC Exam - 2023, BPSC CDPO - 2023,

Answer: D

Lord Lytton is not associated with the Ilbert Bill.

The Ilbert Bill of 1883, which would have allowed Indian judges to try Europeans, was introduced under Lord Ripon, Lytton's successor.

The other three belong to Lytton's viceroyalty (1876-80): the Arms Act and the Vernacular Press Act, both of 1878, and the Famine Commission of 1878-80 under Richard Strachey.

Discuss in Forum

Which treaty was signed after the Battle of Buxar?

A.The Treaty of Allahabad
B.The Treaty of Sugauli
C.The Treaty of Bassein
D.The Treaty of Salbai

Exam Year(s)

BPSC Exam - 2023, BPSC CDPO - 2023,

Answer: A

The treaty was the Treaty of Allahabad.

After the East India Company defeated Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula of Awadh and the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II at Buxar in 1764, Robert Clive signed the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. The Company received the diwani, the right to collect revenue, of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

The Treaty of Sugauli (1815-16) ended the Anglo-Nepal War, the Treaty of Bassein (1802) bound the Peshwa to a subsidiary alliance, and the Treaty of Salbai (1782) ended the First Anglo-Maratha War.

Discuss in Forum

Which one of the following is incorrect ?

A.The dissatisfaction with British rule intensified in 1870s and 1880s.
B.The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms.
C.The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1880, to support the Government.
D.In 1883, there was a furore over the attempt by the Government to introduce the Ilbert Bill.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: C

The incorrect statement is The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1880, to support the Government.

The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878, under Lord Lytton, and its purpose was the opposite of support: it allowed the government to confiscate the presses and assets of Indian-language newspapers that published anything it found objectionable. It was an effort to silence critics of the government.

The other three statements are correct. Dissatisfaction with British rule intensified in the 1870s and 1880s. The Arms Act of 1878 disallowed Indians from possessing arms. In 1883 there was a furore over the Ilbert Bill, which would have allowed Indian judges to try British or European persons, and white opposition forced the government to modify it.

Discuss in Forum

Consider the following statements (A) and (B).

(A) The Government of India Act 1909, allowed for some elected representation system in India.
(B) Through Government of India Act 1909 all adults were given the right to vote.

Choose the correct option.

A.Neither (A) nor (B) is true
B.Only (A) is true
C.Only (B) is true
D.Both (A) and (B) are true

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

Only statement A is true, so the answer is Only (A) is true.

The Government of India Act of 1909, known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, allowed some elected representation in the legislative councils for the first time on a significant scale. It also introduced separate electorates for Muslims.

Statement B is false. The franchise under the 1909 Act was very limited and based on property, income and education, so only a small fraction of Indians could vote. All adults received the right to vote only with universal adult franchise under the Constitution of India in 1950. That rules out the options calling B true.

Discuss in Forum

In the 18th century, under whom did Bengal gradually break away from the Mughal control?

A.Murshid Quli Khan
B.Nadir Shah
C.Alivardi Khan
D.Burhan-ul-Mulk

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: A

Bengal broke away under Murshid Quli Khan.

Murshid Quli Khan was appointed deputy governor and then subadar of Bengal by the Mughals. In the early eighteenth century he took control of revenue administration and gradually made Bengal autonomous, while still sending tribute to Delhi. NCERT's Class VII history book names him as the ruler under whom Bengal broke away.

Alivardi Khan ruled Bengal later (1740-1756), after Bengal was already independent in practice. Nadir Shah was the Persian ruler who sacked Delhi in 1739, and Burhan-ul-Mulk Saadat Khan founded the autonomous state of Awadh, not Bengal.

Discuss in Forum

Who among the following Governor-Generals decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal emperor and after his death none of the descendents would be recognized as a ruler?

A.Lord Dalhousie
B.William Bentinck
C.Lord Canning
D.Lord Cornwallis

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: C

The decision was taken by Lord Canning.

In 1856, Governor-General Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king and that after his death none of his descendants would be recognised as kings; they would be called princes. NCERT's Class VIII history textbook records this in its account of the run-up to 1857.

Lord Dalhousie, his predecessor, had announced in 1849 that the family would be moved out of the Red Fort, a related but different step. William Bentinck and Lord Cornwallis governed much earlier.

Discuss in Forum

10.

Which Governor-General declared that Awadh was being misgoverned and British rule was needed to ensure proper administration?

A.Lord Ripon
B.Lord Canning
C.Lord Dalhousie
D.Lord Mountbatten

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: C

The Governor-General was Lord Dalhousie.

In 1856 Dalhousie annexed Awadh, declaring that the territory was being misgoverned and that British rule was needed to ensure proper administration. Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was deposed and sent to Calcutta, which caused deep resentment and fed into the revolt of 1857.

Lord Canning succeeded Dalhousie in 1856, Lord Ripon governed in the 1880s and Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy in 1947.

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