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Educational Studies Questions and Answers

121.

Purpose of creation of the universe and its relation to man and god is discussed in

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that asks what reality is, why the universe was created, what its purpose is and how man and God are related to it. Ethics deals with right and wrong conduct and with values, and epistemology deals with the nature, sources and limits of knowledge. Since the question names the purpose of creation and the relation of man and God, which is a question about reality, metaphysics is the answer and 'None of these' does not apply.

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122.

"The greatness of a nation is to be measured not by its material power and wealth but by the intercultural relationship of its people." Who said this ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The line that a nation's greatness is judged by the intercultural relationship of its people and not by wealth and power is credited by the official key to Dr. Radhakrishnan, a philosopher-educationist who stressed spiritual values and cultural understanding in his writings on education. Tagore, Vivekananda and Gandhi each wrote on culture, but this particular statement is not what the key assigns to them. The keyed answer is Dr. Radhakrishnan.

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123.

"Rising knowledge to wisdom is real education" was said by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The key assigns the saying that raising knowledge to wisdom is real education to the Chhandogya Upanishad. The Rigveda and the Samaveda are Vedic collections of hymns and chants, and the Bhagavad Gita is a text of the Mahabharata, so the key does not give them the line. The keyed answer is Chhandogya Upanishad. The Chhandogya Upanishad belongs to the Samaveda and teaches by dialogue, as in the story of Svetaketu and his father Uddalaka, and the official key links the saying to this text. The Rigveda and Samaveda themselves are hymn collections, so the key does not credit them.

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124.

'Leviathan' was written by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Leviathan (1651) was written by Thomas Hobbes, the English philosopher who argued that a strong sovereign is needed to avoid a war of all against all. John Locke wrote Two Treatises of Government, Rousseau wrote The Social Contract and Hegel wrote the Philosophy of Right. The answer is Hobbes. Hobbes is the philosopher who argued that men give up their natural freedom to a sovereign for security, which is the theme of the book, and the title refers to the all-powerful state. The other names are linked with other works on government or philosophy.

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125.

Who said that the school be made as miniature society ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

John Dewey held that the school should be a miniature society, an embryonic community in which the child learns by sharing in the activities of life. Skinner is known for operant conditioning and programmed learning, Thorndike for the laws of learning and Herbart for the five formal steps of teaching. The answer is Dewey. Dewey ran the Laboratory School at Chicago, where the school was arranged as a small community with its own occupations, and he wrote that the school should present life, simplified, as a miniature society. Skinner, Thorndike and Herbart worked mainly on learning and teaching methods.

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126.

Which of the following philosophies are most tilted to individualism ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The key takes Jainism as the philosophy tilted most to individualism, since it holds that each soul is responsible for its own liberation through its own effort and conduct, with no creator or help from outside. Samkhya and Buddhism are not the ones the key chooses, and an answer is available so 'None of these' is wrong. The answer is Jainism. Jain thought is atomistic in treating each soul as separate and capable of its own freedom, and a jiva reaches liberation only through its own conduct. That stress on personal effort is the tilt to individualism that the key means, while the other philosophies do not stress it in the same way.

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127.

Match the following :

List - I (Characteristic)List - II (Philosophy)
I. Learning by doing1. Naturalism
II. Education through Environment2. Idealism
III. Realization of truth, beauty and goodness3. Pragmatism
IV. “World as it is here and now”4. Realism
5. Existentialism

Code : I II III IV

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The correct matching is learning by doing with pragmatism (3), education through environment with naturalism (1), realization of truth, beauty and goodness with idealism (2), and 'world as it is here and now' with realism (4), which is the code 3 1 2 4.

Learning by doing is the central slogan of Dewey's pragmatism. Rousseau's naturalism asks that the child learn from nature and the surroundings, and idealism makes the highest aim the realisation of the true, the good and the beautiful. Realism accepts the world as it is now, which is why the fourth item goes to realism. Existentialism (5) has no item in this list. The other codes put pragmatism against environment or idealism against 'here and now', which reverses the aims of those schools.

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128.

“No disinterested pursuit of knowledge and no intellectual education for its own sake” was the slogan of the

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The slogan is that of the pragmatists. Pragmatism judges knowledge by its practical use and consequences, so it rejects a pursuit of knowledge for its own sake and an education that is purely intellectual; it prefers learning that comes from activity and experience and that helps the learner to live and solve problems.

Idealists give the highest place to knowledge, truth and spiritual values for their own sake, so they would reject the slogan. Realists stress the study of the real world through science, and naturalists stress the freedom and natural development of the child. Neither group rejects knowledge for its own sake in the way the slogan does.

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129.

Critically judge the following :

Assertion (A) : Marx advocated the creation of a classless society.
Reason (R) : There are too many classes which are struggling with each other.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Both statements are true, as the key gives. Marx did advocate a classless society, which he expected to follow the overthrow of the capitalist order and the end of private ownership of the means of production. Class struggle is the central idea of his theory of history, and he saw society as moving through conflict between classes, so the reason is accepted as a statement of that struggle in the key.

The options that call both false, or only one of them true, are therefore wrong. The question asks the student to judge each statement against the Marxist view, and in that view both the aim and the conflict are part of it.

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130.

The process of attaining one’s existence as per existentialism is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The key gives the order loneliness, struggle, pain and pleasure, essence. In existentialism a person begins in the loneliness of free choice and responsibility, passes through struggle and the experience of pain and pleasure, and in this way arrives at an essence, that is, becomes what he chooses to be. The idea is summed up in the phrase that existence comes before essence: the essence is made by the person's own life.

The options that begin with essence reverse this order by treating the essence as given first, which existentialists reject, and the second option places pain and pleasure before struggle.

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