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Educational Studies Questions and Answers

161.

The Vedas teach us that

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The Vedas teach that creation is without beginning and without end, so option (C) is right. The Indian view is cyclic: the universe goes through endless cycles of manifestation and dissolution, and so it has no first start or final end. Option (A) is incomplete because it denies a beginning only. Option (B) is incomplete because it denies an end only. Option (D), a definite beginning and also an end, is the linear view found in some other traditions and is not the Vedic teaching.

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162.

Beginning with the "family", which of the following constitutes correctly sequenced hierarchy of social groups ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The key takes option (B), family, class, race, tribe, nation, as the hierarchy of social groups starting from the family. Option (A) starts with the nation and ends with the family, so it does not begin with the family as the question demands, and it is wrong for that reason. Options (C) and (D) both begin with the family but order the middle groups differently from the key. The ordering of class, race and tribe in the key is a textbook convention, not a fixed scientific rule, so this item can be answered only by the stated sequence in the key.

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163.

Which Philosophy says, "Don't care to know various theories about body and soul, do good and be good, that will take you to whatever truth there is" ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The advice not to bother about theories of body and soul but to do good and be good is the Buddhist attitude, so option (C) is right. The Buddha set aside metaphysical questions on the soul and the world as not leading to liberation, and asked people to follow the ethical path of right conduct. Vedanta, option (A), is deeply concerned with the nature of Brahman and the self. Sankhya, option (B), is a metaphysical system of purusha and prakriti. Since both are theory-heavy systems, option (D), All of the above, is also wrong.

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164.

'The great sociologists who held the view that education does not bring about social change, rather the social change results into an educational change' was

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The key credits this to Durkheim, option (C). Emile Durkheim held that education is a social fact that reflects the society and its needs, so changes in society bring changes in education, and not the other way round. Mc Dougall, option (A), was a social psychologist known for instinct theory. Aristotle, option (B), was a philosopher of the state and virtue, not a modern sociologist. Dewey, option (D), saw education as a means of social reconstruction and so believed that education could bring about social change, which is opposite to the view in the question.

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165.

A common feature of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism is belief about

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The belief common to Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism is karma and rebirth: actions bring results, and the soul or the stream of being is reborn until liberation is reached. This is the last option.

The unreality of the world belongs to the Advaita view and is not shared by the other two. Belief in a God as creator is absent from classical Jainism and Buddhism, and the soul as a permanent self is denied by Buddhism, so those two options cannot be common to all three.

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166.

'Epistemology' means

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Epistemology is the study of the nature of knowledge, its sources, its limits and how it is justified. This is the second option.

Stem cell research is a field of biology. The study of the nature of values is axiology, which covers ethics and aesthetics, and the study of the nature of the world or reality is metaphysics. These are the other branches of philosophy and are not epistemology.

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167.

In Indian Philosophy 'pramana' means

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

In Indian philosophy a pramana is a source or means of valid knowledge, such as perception, inference and testimony, which different schools accept in different numbers. This is the last option.

The words oath, measurement and assurance are not what the term means in philosophy. Measurement is only a loose sense of the Sanskrit root, and the term as used in the schools refers to the means of getting right knowledge.

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168.

Which of the following is the source material about the Jain way of life ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The source of the Jain way of life, among the options, is the Tri-ratna, the three jewels of right faith, right knowledge and right conduct. This is the last option.

The Dhammapada and the Tripitaka are Buddhist texts. The Karma Kanda is the ritual portion of the Vedas. None of these is a Jain source, so only the Tri-ratna fits the question. The question tests the ability to place a term in the right tradition, which is a common type of item in the philosophy section of the paper.

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169.

The Schools of Vedanta are

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The schools of Vedanta are Advaita, Dwaita and Visishtadvaita, which are the non-dualist, dualist and qualified non-dualist schools founded by Shankara, Madhva and Ramanuja. This is the second option.

Dharma, artha and moksa are aims of life, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism are religions, and the orthodox and heterodox are the two broad divisions of all Indian philosophy, of which Vedanta is only one orthodox part.

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170.

"Education and Society are two mutually supporting systems, interconnected, that one cannot thrive in the absence of the other." What is the reason ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Education and society depend on each other because education sustains society, preserves its culture, brings in new ideas and passes on values, while society supports and shapes the educational system. This is the first option.

The other options name useful outcomes of education, such as removing social divisions, making people employable or modernising society. Each of these is a single effect, not the broad reason why the two systems cannot do without each other.

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