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Extension and Community Development Questions and Answers

91.

Organise the following steps in the sequential order of Programme Management :

(a) Situation Analysis
(b) Evaluation
(c) Identifying objectives
(d) Executing plan

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Programme management begins with the situation analysis, then the objectives are identified, the plan is executed and evaluation comes last. The sequence is (a), (c), (d), (b). Option A puts identifying objectives at position 1, where the right order has the situation analysis. Option C puts executing the plan at position 2, where the right order has identifying objectives. Option D puts evaluation at position 1, where the right order has the situation analysis.

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92.

The correct sequence for curriculum planning is

(a) Tentative curriculum
(b) Consideration of curriculum needs
(c) Evaluation of tentative curriculum
(d) Pilot testing of tentative curriculum

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Curriculum planning begins with a consideration of the curriculum needs, then a tentative curriculum is drawn up, it is pilot tested, and the results are evaluated. The sequence is (b), (a), (d), (c). Option A puts the tentative curriculum at position 1, where the right order has consideration of curriculum needs. Option C puts evaluation of the tentative curriculum at position 1, where the right order has consideration of curriculum needs. Option D puts pilot testing at position 1, where the right order has consideration of curriculum needs.

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93.

Match the following items in List - I with List - II

List - IList - II
a. NREGAi. Sanitation
b. NRHMii. Child health and nutrition
c. TSCiii. Health
d. ICDSiv. Employment
v. Environment

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

NREGA is about employment (iv), NRHM is the National Rural Health Mission, concerned with health (iii), TSC, the Total Sanitation Campaign, is about sanitation (i), and ICDS is about child health and nutrition (ii). The code is iv, iii, i, ii. Option A fails at the first pair, where it joins NREGA with child health and nutrition and not with employment. Option C fails at the first pair, where it joins NREGA with environment and not with employment. Option D fails at the first pair, where it joins NREGA with health and not with employment.

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94.

Chi-square test is used

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The chi-square test is used when the data are in frequencies. It compares observed counts in categories with the counts expected on a hypothesis, as in the test of goodness of fit, or tests whether two attributes in a table of frequencies are independent. It is not limited to two groups, so option A is wrong, and it is not specific to three or more groups, so option D is wrong. It is not a check of the accuracy of data, so option C is wrong. The keyed answer is option B.

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95.

Non-formal education is

(i) an organised
(ii) systematic
(iii) highly institutionalised
(iv) an educational activity

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Non-formal education is an organised, systematic educational activity, which is (i), (ii) and (iv), option A. It is organised outside the formal school system, for particular groups with specific learning needs, and it is flexible in its time and place. It is not highly institutionalised, which is a mark of formal education, so options C and D, which include (iii), are wrong. Option B leaves out the fact that it is an educational activity.

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96.

The most appropriate statistical test for analysing qualitative data is

(i) Pearson's r
(ii) Sign test
(iii) Kruskal-Wallis test
(iv) F-test

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The most appropriate tests for analysing qualitative data are the sign test and the Kruskal-Wallis test, which are (ii) and (iii), option D. These are non-parametric tests, which work on data at the nominal or ordinal level, without the assumption of a normal distribution. Pearson's r and the F-test are parametric methods for quantitative data measured on an interval scale, so options A, B and C, which include (i) or (iv), are wrong.

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97.

Assertion (A) : All individuals in a social system do not adopt an innovation at the same time.

Reason (R) : But they adopt innovation in an ordered time sequence.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Both statements are true. All individuals in a social system do not adopt an innovation at the same time, since some, the innovators and early adopters, take it up soon, while others take it up later or never. They adopt it in an ordered sequence in time, from the early adopters to the laggards, in the diffusion of innovations. Option B calls both false, and options C and D call one statement false, so the keyed answer is option A.

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98.

Assertion (A) : A non-symmetric distribution is also described as skewed distribution.

Reason (R) : In a skewed distribution the length of one of the tails, relative to the central section is disproportionate to the other.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Both statements are true and the reason is the correct explanation. A non-symmetric distribution is described as a skewed distribution. The reason says what skewness means: the length of one tail, relative to the central section, is out of proportion to the other. So option A is right. Option B does not say that the reason explains the assertion, and options C and D call a true statement false.

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99.

Steps to be followed in applying Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques

(i) Build up personal rapport with villagers.
(ii) Identify villagers who are willing to share their experiences.
(iii) Setting the climate for discussion.
(iv) Meet the villagers
(v) Select suitable place for interview.
(vi) Show full interest and enthusiasm.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The keyed sequence for applying participatory rural appraisal is to meet the villagers, build up personal rapport, identify the villagers who are willing to share their experience, show full interest and enthusiasm, set the climate for discussion and select a suitable place for the interview, which is (iv), (i), (ii), (vi), (iii), (v), option C. The investigator must first meet the people and win their confidence before the participants and the setting of discussion are decided. Options A, B and D start with another step, such as rapport, a suitable place or showing interest, before the villagers are met.

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100.

Arrange the stages of the adoption process in correct sequence.

(i) Interest (ii) Awareness
(iii) Evaluation (iv) Adoption
(v) Trial

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The stages of the adoption process in correct sequence are awareness, interest, evaluation, trial and adoption, which is (ii), (i), (iii), (v), (iv), option C. A person first learns that the innovation exists, then becomes interested in it, weighs its merits, tries it on a small scale and finally adopts it for regular use. Options A, B and D put interest, trial or evaluation before awareness, which cannot be, since the person must know of the idea before anything else.

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