Administrative Thought Questions and Answers

Q: Clayton Alderfer attempted to rework Maslow's need hierarchy to align it more closely with empirical research. His revised need hierarchy is labelled as

Alderfer's revision of Maslow's hierarchy is the ERG theory, so the answer is C.Clayton Alderfer reduced Maslow's five levels to three groups of needs: existence, relatedness and growth (ERG). He tested the scheme against empirical findings, and he held that more than one need can operate at a time and that a person who is frustrated at a higher level may return to a lower one.The self-efficacy theory (B) is Bandura's and the equity theory (D) is Adams's, while the 'theory of needs' (A) is not the name given to Alderfer's work.

Q: Which of the following is not the assumption of theory X ?

The statement that is not an assumption of Theory X is 'most people do not dislike work inherently', so the answer is C.In McGregor's account, Theory X holds that the average person dislikes work and avoids it if possible, and so must be coerced, controlled and directed. It also holds that most people prefer to be directed, avoid responsibility and have little ambition.Options A, B and D state those assumptions. The belief that work is as natural as play and is not disliked inherently is part of the opposite Theory Y.

101.

Match of the following statements are correct in relation to F.W. Taylor's 'Scientific Management' ?

(i) Time and methods of study may be used to find out the best way of performing a job.
(ii) Specialists may be employed to perform the tasks.
(iii) Workers must perform the job in whichever way they like.
(iv) Work place and incentives are not linked to output.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

A.Only (i)
B.(i), (ii)
C.(i), (iii)
D.(iii), (iv)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Statements (i) and (ii) are correct about Taylor's scientific management, so the answer is (i), (ii), option B.

Taylor held that time and motion study should find the one best way of doing each job (i), and that planning and supervision should be handled by specialists through functional foremanship (ii).

Statement (iii) is the opposite of his view, since he took the choice of method away from the workers, and statement (iv) is wrong because he linked pay and incentives closely to output through the differential piece rate. So A, C and D are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

102.

Which of the following concepts are related to constructive conflict as suggested by Mary Parker Follet ?

(i) Domination
(ii) Compromise
(iii) Integration
(iv) Delegation
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

A.(i), (ii)
B.(iii), (iv)
C.(i), (ii), (iii)
D.(ii), (iii), (iv)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Domination, compromise and integration are the three concepts related to conflict in Follett's analysis, so the answer is (i), (ii), (iii), option C.

Mary Parker Follett said there are three ways of dealing with conflict: domination, in which one side wins; compromise, in which each gives up something; and integration, in which a solution is found that satisfies the desires of both sides. She favoured integration as the constructive way.

Delegation (iv) is a matter of organisation and not one of her ways of resolving conflict, so options B and D are wrong, and option A leaves out integration.

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103.

Assertion (A) : The satisfying administrative man is different from the maximising man.

Reason (R) : The administrative man does not search for the optimal decision but a satisfactory one

A.Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Both statements are correct and the reason explains the assertion, so the answer is A.

Herbert Simon replaced the economic man, who maximises, with the administrative man, who 'satisfices': he looks for a course of action that is good enough and not for the best possible one, because he has limited information and limited ability to calculate (bounded rationality).

It is precisely this fact, that the administrative man does not search for the optimal decision, that makes him different from the maximising man, so the reason explains the assertion. Options B, C and D deny this link.

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104.

Match List - I with List - II. Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - I (Author)	List - II (Types of Leadership)
a. Mooney and Reiley	1. Institutionalists, Specialists, Hybrids
b. Etzioni	2. Titular leaders, Controllers, true organizers
c. Marwick	3. Officials, Informal and formal leaders
d. Gowldner	4. Locals and Cosmopolitans

A.a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2
B.a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4
C.a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3
D.a-4, b-2, c-3, d-1

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The key matches Mooney and Reiley with titular leaders, controllers and true organisers, Etzioni with officials and informal and formal leaders, Marwick with institutionalists, specialists and hybrids, and Gouldner with locals and cosmopolitans, so the answer is a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4, option B.

Gouldner's pair of locals and cosmopolitans, which describes the orientation of members of an organisation, is the best known of the four and fixes d as 4. That alone removes options A, C and D, since each of them gives d some other type of leadership.

The remaining pairs follow the key.

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105.

Clayton Alderfer attempted to rework Maslow's need hierarchy to align it more closely with empirical research. His revised need hierarchy is labelled as

A.Theory of Needs
B.Self efficiency theory
C.ERG theory
D.Equity theory

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Alderfer's revision of Maslow's hierarchy is the ERG theory, so the answer is C.

Clayton Alderfer reduced Maslow's five levels to three groups of needs: existence, relatedness and growth (ERG). He tested the scheme against empirical findings, and he held that more than one need can operate at a time and that a person who is frustrated at a higher level may return to a lower one.

The self-efficacy theory (B) is Bandura's and the equity theory (D) is Adams's, while the 'theory of needs' (A) is not the name given to Alderfer's work.

Discuss in Forum

106.

Which of the following is not the assumption of theory X ?

A.Most people must be corrected and controlled.
B.The average human being prefers to be directed.
C.Most of the people do not dislike work inherently.
D.People have relatively little ambitions and wants.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The statement that is not an assumption of Theory X is 'most people do not dislike work inherently', so the answer is C.

In McGregor's account, Theory X holds that the average person dislikes work and avoids it if possible, and so must be coerced, controlled and directed. It also holds that most people prefer to be directed, avoid responsibility and have little ambition.

Options A, B and D state those assumptions. The belief that work is as natural as play and is not disliked inherently is part of the opposite Theory Y.

Discuss in Forum

107.

The emergence of New Public Administration is associated with

A.American Society of Public Administration
B.Comparative Administration Group
C.Indian Institute of Public Administration
D.Minnowbrook Conference

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The emergence of New Public Administration is associated with the Minnowbrook Conference of 1968, held at Syracuse University and convened by Dwight Waldo, where younger scholars called for a public administration that was relevant to social problems, values and equity, and not only efficiency. The American Society for Public Administration is a professional body, the Comparative Administration Group was the research group behind comparative and development administration, and the Indian Institute of Public Administration is an Indian institution.

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108.

Who among the following used the expression 'cow sociologists' for Hawthorne researchers ?

A.Herbert Simon
B.Peter Drucker
C.United Auto Workers in the USA
D.Comparative Administration Group

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The expression 'cow sociologists' for the Hawthorne researchers was used by the United Auto Workers in the USA. The union criticised the human relations school of Elton Mayo for treating workers like contented cows, as though a happy worker would give more output, without regard to wages and conditions. Herbert Simon and Peter Drucker were critics or writers on management but are not the source of this phrase, and the Comparative Administration Group is a research body.

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109.

Which one of the following is not correct according to Weber's Charismatic Authority ?

A.It is based on the exceptional qualities of the leader.
B.Administration under this authority is stable.
C.There is no hierarchical assignment of tasks under this authority.
D.On the death of a leader under this authority, the question of succession arises.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Under Weber's charismatic authority, obedience rests on the exceptional qualities of the leader, there is no hierarchy or fixed assignment of tasks, and the question of succession arises when the leader dies. Administration under this authority is therefore not stable: it is personal, emotional and unstable, and it must be routinised into traditional or legal-rational authority after the leader. The statement that administration is stable is the one that is not correct, which makes option B the answer.

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110.

Assertion (A) : For Simon, administrative man looks for a course of action that is best from those available to him.

Reason (R) : For Simon, administrative man is motivated by satisfactory outcome.

A.Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The assertion is false and the reason is true. For Herbert Simon, administrative man does not look for the best course of action, which is what economic man does by maximising. Administrative man 'satisfices': he looks for a course of action that is satisfactory or good enough, because of bounded rationality, so he is motivated by a satisfactory outcome. This makes the reason true and the assertion false, which is option D.

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