Protection and Security Questions and Answers

Q: 'Login-ID and Password' mechanism is implemented in an operating system to ensure which of the following aspects of security ?

Login-ID and password ensure Authentication.Authentication verifies that users are who they claim to be. A login ID identifies the user, and the password, something only that user should know, proves the claim.Authorisation is the next step, deciding what an authenticated user may do. Confidentiality (keeping data secret) and integrity (keeping it unaltered) are protected by access control and encryption, which depend on authentication but are not what the login mechanism itself provides.

Q: Windows operating system use the following two modes to protect user applications from accessing and/or modifying critical operating system data :

Windows uses User mode and Kernel mode.The processor runs Windows code in two privilege levels. Applications run in user mode, where they cannot access system memory or execute privileged instructions directly; the operating system kernel and drivers run in kernel mode with full access. A user-mode program must make a system call to request a kernel service, which protects critical operating system data.Administrator versus normal user is an account permission level, not a processor mode. Hardware and software modes, and hardware and software interrupt modes, are not how Windows separates applications from the kernel.

Q: Which of the following type is at lowest level in terms of operating system security ?

The lowest level is Type D.The US Department of Defense's Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (the Orange Book) grade systems in divisions A, B, C and D. Division D, minimal protection, is for systems that were evaluated but failed the higher requirements.Security increases from D through C (discretionary protection) and B (mandatory protection) to A (verified protection), the highest level.

Q: Which of the following is used to implement memory protection in an operating system ?

Memory protection is implemented with All of these.Virtual memory gives each process its own address space, so it cannot reach another's memory. Paging enforces this with page tables and protection bits (read, write, execute) on each page, and segmentation does it with base and limit registers and access rights for each segment.Since each of the three mechanisms provides protection, choosing any one alone would be incomplete.

'Login-ID and Password' mechanism is implemented in an operating system to ensure which of the following aspects of security ?

A.Confidentiality
B.Integrity
C.Authentication
D.Authorization

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

Authentication verifies that users are who they claim to be. A login ID identifies the user, and the password, something only that user should know, proves the claim.

Authorisation is the next step, deciding what an authenticated user may do. Confidentiality (keeping data secret) and integrity (keeping it unaltered) are protected by access control and encryption, which depend on authentication but are not what the login mechanism itself provides.

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Windows operating system use the following two modes to protect user applications from accessing and/or modifying critical operating system data :

A.Normal user mode and Administrator mode
B.User mode and Kernel mode
C.Hardware mode and Software mode
D.Hardware interrupt mode and Software interrupt mode

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

Windows uses User mode and Kernel mode.

The processor runs Windows code in two privilege levels. Applications run in user mode, where they cannot access system memory or execute privileged instructions directly; the operating system kernel and drivers run in kernel mode with full access. A user-mode program must make a system call to request a kernel service, which protects critical operating system data.

Administrator versus normal user is an account permission level, not a processor mode. Hardware and software modes, and hardware and software interrupt modes, are not how Windows separates applications from the kernel.

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Which of the following type is at lowest level in terms of operating system security ?

A.Type A
B.Type B
C.Type C
D.Type D

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The lowest level is Type D.

The US Department of Defense's Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (the Orange Book) grade systems in divisions A, B, C and D. Division D, minimal protection, is for systems that were evaluated but failed the higher requirements.

Security increases from D through C (discretionary protection) and B (mandatory protection) to A (verified protection), the highest level.

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Which of the following is used to implement memory protection in an operating system ?

A.Virtual Memory
B.Paging
C.Segmentation
D.All of these

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2025,

Answer: D

Memory protection is implemented with All of these.

Virtual memory gives each process its own address space, so it cannot reach another's memory. Paging enforces this with page tables and protection bits (read, write, execute) on each page, and segmentation does it with base and limit registers and access rights for each segment.

Since each of the three mechanisms provides protection, choosing any one alone would be incomplete.

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