Statement - Conclusions Questions and Answers

Q: In this company, 60 per cent of the employees are males, 40 per cent are females, 80 per cent of the employees are sincere and 40 per cent of the employees are from this city - Rawalpura.

Correct answer: None of theseThe four percentages are separate counts over the same workforce, and nothing links one to another. Sincere and insincere employees may be of either sex; the Rawalpura employees may be men or women. So none of the specific claims about who is sincere or where the men come from can be drawn. None of these follows.

Q: All beggars are poor.

Correct answer: If A is rich, then A is not a beggar.This is the contrapositive of the statement and so must be true: if all beggars are poor, then anyone who is not poor cannot be a beggar. The others reverse the relation - making all the poor beggars - or draw conclusions the statement does not support.

Q: This book can help because all good books help.

Correct answer: This is a good book.The reason offered is that all good books help, and it is used to establish that this book can help. That step works only if the book belongs to the class of good books, so that is what is being taken for granted.

Q: To pass the examination, one must work hard.

Correct answer: Without hard work, one does not pass.“One must work hard to pass” makes hard work a necessary condition, so its absence means failure - which is exactly what the conclusion says. It does not make hard work sufficient, so it does not follow that all who work hard pass.

Q: All students in my class are bright. Manish is not bright.

Correct answer: Manish is not a student of my class.Everyone in the class is bright, and Manish is not bright - so he cannot be in the class. That is the contrapositive, and it follows with certainty. The other options either contradict the first statement or reverse it.

Important Instructions

Direction for [ Question No: 61 To 70 ] :

In each of the following questions, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself choose the conclusion which logically follows from the given statements.

61.

In a class, three-fourth of the boys play football, one-half play cricket, one-fourth of those who play cricket do not play football.

A.Two-third of the boys play only football.
B.One-fourth of the boys play neither cricket nor football.
C.One-third of the boys play neither cricket nor football.
D.One-eighth of the boys play neither cricket nor football.

Answer: D

Correct answer: One-eighth of the boys play neither cricket nor football.

Half the boys play cricket, and a quarter of those - that is \( \tfrac{1}{4} \times \tfrac{1}{2} = \tfrac{1}{8} \) of all the boys - do not play football. So the boys who play at least one game number \[ \tfrac{3}{4} + \tfrac{1}{8} = \tfrac{7}{8} \] and the remaining \( \tfrac{1}{8} \) play neither.

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62.

Every man should have his identity card with him. That card should mention his blood group, complete address and telephone number for contact, in case, some serious accident takes place.

A.Blood cannot be transfused until its group is mentioned in the card.
B.The police needs this information especially when the accident is fatal.
C.In case of emergency, he may forget his address and may need the card to contact his house.
D.None is supposed to forget his phone number under any circumstances.

Answer: D

Correct answer: In case of emergency, he may forget his address and may need the card to contact his house.

The card is to be carried against the possibility of a serious accident, and the details it must bear - address and telephone number - are exactly what would be needed to reach a man’s home when he cannot supply them himself. The others go beyond the statement: nothing is said about transfusion procedure, about the police, or about what anyone is supposed to remember.

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63.

In this company, 60 per cent of the employees are males, 40 per cent are females, 80 per cent of the employees are sincere and 40 per cent of the employees are from this city - Rawalpura.

A.All male employees are from out station.
B.All male employees are sincere.
C.20 per cent of female employees are not sincere.
D.None of these

Answer: D

Correct answer: None of these

The four percentages are separate counts over the same workforce, and nothing links one to another. Sincere and insincere employees may be of either sex; the Rawalpura employees may be men or women. So none of the specific claims about who is sincere or where the men come from can be drawn. None of these follows.

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64.

All beggars are poor.

A.If A is a beggar, then A is not rich.
B.If A is not rich, then A is not a beggar.
C.All those who are poor are beggars.
D.If A is rich, then A is not a beggar.

Answer: D

Correct answer: If A is rich, then A is not a beggar.

This is the contrapositive of the statement and so must be true: if all beggars are poor, then anyone who is not poor cannot be a beggar. The others reverse the relation - making all the poor beggars - or draw conclusions the statement does not support.

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65.

This book can help because all good books help.

A.This is not a good book.
B.This is a good book.
C.No good book helps.
D.Some good books help.

Answer: B

Correct answer: This is a good book.

The reason offered is that all good books help, and it is used to establish that this book can help. That step works only if the book belongs to the class of good books, so that is what is being taken for granted.

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66.

Hitesh told Mohit a ghost lived by the peepal tree on the outskirts of the village.

A.Peepal trees grow on the outskirts of the village.
B.Ghosts live on peepal trees.
C.Hitesh perhaps believed in the stories of ghosts.
D.Mohit must be afraid of ghosts.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Hitesh perhaps believed in the stories of ghosts.

A man who repeats such a tale as fact very likely gives it some credence himself, so this is the modest inference the statement supports. Nothing is said about how Mohit received it, so his being afraid does not follow, and the statement is one man’s report rather than evidence that ghosts live in peepal trees.

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67.

To pass the examination, one must work hard.

A.Examination is related with hard work.
B.All those who work hard, pass.
C.Examination causes some anxiety and those who work hard overcome it.
D.Without hard work, one does not pass.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Without hard work, one does not pass.

“One must work hard to pass” makes hard work a necessary condition, so its absence means failure - which is exactly what the conclusion says. It does not make hard work sufficient, so it does not follow that all who work hard pass.

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68.

The data given by the U.S. Labour Ministry indicate that till the year 2000, there will be a shortage of 1,00,000 programmers. A spokesman from the industry said, "We should understand this thoroughly America needs Indian programmers. This is not only the question of investment but also of the talent with which the Indian programmers are equipped".

A.In other sectors also, there will be shortage of the talented labour till the year 2000.
B.Indian programmers are the most talented in the world
C.Indian programmers are available on comparatively less salary in comparison to the programmers from other countries
D.In spite of entering with huge capital in the Software Training, U.S. could not be able to meet its own needs fully.

Answer: D

Correct answer: In spite of entering with huge capital in the Software Training, U.S. could not be able to meet its own needs fully.

A projected shortage of a hundred thousand programmers, and an industry spokesman saying outright that America needs Indian programmers, together show that the country’s own training has not met its requirement. The others go beyond what is said: nothing about other sectors, about Indian programmers being the world’s best, or about their salaries.

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69.

All the books, written by Prabhakar, are textbooks. Some of his books are published by ABC Publishing Company.

A.ABC Publishing Company publishes textbooks only.
B.Some textbooks written by Prabhakar are published by publishers other than ABC Publishing Company.
C.ABC Publishing Company publishes some critical essays written by Prabhakar.
D.All the books published by ABC Publishing Company have been written by Prabhakar.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Some textbooks written by Prabhakar are published by publishers.

Every book Prabhakar writes is a textbook, and some of his books are published by ABC - so some of his textbooks are published. That much follows. Nothing tells us what else ABC publishes, or that everything on its list is his.

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70.

All students in my class are bright. Manish is not bright.

A.Some students are not bright.
B.Manish must work hard.
C.Non-bright ones are not students.
D.Manish is not a student of my class.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Manish is not a student of my class.

Everyone in the class is bright, and Manish is not bright - so he cannot be in the class. That is the contrapositive, and it follows with certainty. The other options either contradict the first statement or reverse it.

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Statement - Conclusions Questions and Answers

Important Instructions

Direction for [ Question No: 61 To 70 ] :

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