Information and Communication Technology Questions and Answers

Answer: C

It is called tele conferencing.

Teleconferencing, and especially video conferencing, links people at different locations through ICT so that they can see and hear one another and interact in real time.

E-mail and blogging are text-based and not usually interactive in real time, and chatting is mainly typed messaging, so none of them is visual and auditory interaction in the way teleconferencing is.

Answer: D

The incorrect pair is .exe = exclusive data file.

The extension .exe stands for executable: an .exe file contains a program that the operating system (chiefly Windows) can run. It is not a data file, and 'exclusive' has nothing to do with the name.

The other pairs are correct. .ttf is a TrueType font file; .wav is the Waveform Audio File Format, an uncompressed audio file; and .jpg (JPEG) is a compressed image, or graphic, file.

Answer: B

The correct pair is 1 Megabyte = \(10^{6}\) bytes.

In the decimal (SI) system, each prefix is a thousand times the one before: kilo = \(10^{3}\), mega = \(10^{6}\), giga = \(10^{9}\) and tera = \(10^{12}\). So a megabyte is \(10^{6}\), one million, bytes. (In the binary convention a megabyte is \(2^{20}\) = 1,048,576 bytes, which is close to \(10^{6}\).)

The other pairs are each wrong: a kilobyte is \(10^{3}\), not \(10^{4}\); a gigabyte is \(10^{9}\), not \(10^{12}\), which is a terabyte; and a terabyte is \(10^{12}\), not \(10^{15}\), which is a petabyte.

Answer: D

FTP stands for file transfer protocol.

The File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol, dating from the early 1970s, for transferring files between a client and a server over a TCP/IP network such as the internet. Users log in to an FTP server to upload or download files.

'Formatted transfer process', 'formal texting process' and 'file transmission procedure' are invented expansions. The P in internet acronyms such as FTP, HTTP and SMTP stands for protocol, a set of rules for communication.

Answer: D

The principle is called net neutrality.

Net neutrality, a term popularised by the law professor Tim Wu in 2003, is the principle that internet service providers must treat all data on the internet equally, without blocking, slowing or charging differently according to user, content, website, platform or application. In India it was upheld by the TRAI's 2016 ruling against differential pricing for data, after the debate over zero-rating schemes.

Digital equality usually refers to equal access to technology, and digital democracy to the use of the internet in democratic participation. 'Net priority' would describe the opposite of neutrality, giving some traffic preference.

Answer: D

The correct chronology is Amazon, Google, Facebook, Snapchat.

1. Amazon: founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994.
2. Google: founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1998.
3. Facebook: launched by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004.
4. Snapchat: launched in 2011.

The orders starting with Google put it before Amazon, which is four years older. The order Amazon, Google, Snapchat, Facebook puts Snapchat, the youngest of the four, before Facebook.

Answer: A

MOOCs are a flexible and open form of self-directed, online learning designed for mass participation.

A Massive Open Online Course is offered over the internet (online), is open to anyone without formal admission, can enrol very large numbers (massive) and lets learners study at their own pace through videos, readings and quizzes, which makes the learning largely self-directed.

The options describing MOOCs as off-line contradict the 'online' in the name, and those calling them teacher-directed miss the point that learners steer their own progress.

Answer: D

IPTV stands for Internet Protocol Television.

IPTV delivers television programmes over networks that use the Internet Protocol, such as broadband connections, instead of through terrestrial, satellite or cable broadcast signals. It allows live channels as well as video on demand.

The other expansions are invented: 'International and Political', 'Internet Proliferation' and 'Inter Provisional' are not what the letters stand for.

Answer: A

ENIAC was developed in 1945.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), built by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania, was completed in late 1945 and unveiled to the public in February 1946. It is widely called the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.

1940 is before its construction began (1943), and 1955 and 1960 belong to the later era of transistor-based computers.

Answer: A

The incorrect statement is It is a project by Department of Technology.

The National Digital Library of India is a project of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (now the Ministry of Education) under its National Mission on Education through ICT. There is no 'Department of Technology' behind it.

The other statements are correct: NDLI is a virtual repository of learning resources with a single-window search facility, it is designed to be accessible to differently-abled learners, and it is developed and hosted by IIT Kharagpur.