Assertion and Reason Questions and Answers

Answer: C

Correct answer: A is true but R is false.

Long soaking does spoil food, so A is true. But the vitamins washed away are the water-soluble ones - the B group and vitamin C. Vitamins A and D are fat-soluble and are not leached out by water. R is false.

Answer: D

Correct answer: A is false but R is true.

Earthworms do break the soil into fine crumbs, aerate it and enrich it with their castings, so R is true - and that is exactly why they are called the farmer’s friend. The assertion says the opposite of the truth, so A is false.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Both statements are true, but harm to man is not the main reason DDT was abandoned. It persists for decades, accumulates up the food chain and thinned the eggshells of birds, and insects developed resistance to it - those are what ended its use. R does not explain A.

Answer: C

Correct answer: A is true but R is false.

Seed treatment with a fungicide is standard practice, so A is true. But untreated seed germinates perfectly well; the dressing protects the young seedling from soil-borne fungi such as smut and damping-off. R is false.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

A streamlined body tapers at both ends so that the water closes smoothly behind it instead of forming eddies, which greatly reduces drag. That reduction is exactly why the shape has evolved in fish. Both are true and R explains A.

Answer: C

Correct answer: A is true but R is false.

India’s yield per animal is low by world standards, so A is true in that sense. But poverty is not the cause: the low yield comes from indigenous low-yielding breeds, poor feed and fodder, and inadequate veterinary care. R is false as an explanation.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Both A and R are false

Sprouting does the opposite of what the assertion claims: germination increases the vitamin C and B-group content, and makes the protein and starch easier to digest. Both the advice and the reason given for it are wrong, so both A and R are false.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Iodine is washed out of hill soils by rain and carried down to the plains, so mountain diets are short of it. Without iodine the thyroid cannot make its hormones and enlarges - which is goitre. The dietary lack is exactly the cause. Both are true and R explains A.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Roughage - the indigestible fibre of vegetables and whole grains - absorbs water and adds bulk, which stimulates the intestinal muscles and keeps the contents moving. That added bulk is precisely how it prevents constipation. Both are true and R explains A.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Both A and R are false.

Both statements are the wrong way round: Bangladesh is a great producer of raw jute and exports it, while India holds most of the jute mills, concentrated along the Hooghly. Both A and R are false.