World History Questions and Answers

Answer: B

Statements 1, 2 and 3 describe Owen's philosophy, so the answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Robert Owen held that a person's character is formed by circumstances and environment, not by the individual, so people are not responsible for what they become; he was strongly critical of organised religion; and as manager of the New Lanark mills he showed that the factory system could be run humanely and profitably.

National Workshops run by the state were the idea of the French socialist Louis Blanc and were set up in Paris in 1848. Every option including statement 4 is therefore wrong.

Answer: B

Marx received his doctorate from the University of Jena in Philosophy.

Marx studied at Bonn and then Berlin, but he submitted his doctoral thesis, on the difference between the natural philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus, to the University of Jena, which awarded him the degree in April 1841.

Bonn was where he began his studies, not where he took his degree. The options naming Moscow ('Mosco') in Socialism or Cambridge in Marxism are not real possibilities: Marx never studied at either, and neither subject was a discipline then.

Answer: D

Only the Cold War is not a phase of colonialism, so the answer is 4 only.

Historians describe modern colonialism in phases: commercial colonialism of the trading companies, followed by industrial colonialism once Europe's factories needed raw materials and markets; the New Imperialism of the late nineteenth century and the scramble for Africa; and, after formal independence, neo-colonialism and the economic dominance associated with globalisation.

The Cold War was a rivalry between the two superpower blocs after 1945. It shaped the age of decolonisation, but it is not itself a phase of colonial practice.

Answer: B

Statements 1 and 2 are the ways described, so the answer is 1 and 2 only.

In Marx's analysis surplus value is the value workers produce beyond what they are paid. Capitalists can raise it by lengthening the working day, which Marx called absolute surplus value, and by pushing wages down, so that more of the day's product is unpaid.

Decreasing the productivity of labour would reduce surplus value, not raise it; Marx's relative surplus value comes from raising productivity. Vibrant trade unionism pushes wages up and hours down, so it works against the accumulation of capital.

Answer: B

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, so the answer is 1 and 2 only.

After the Second World War Albania regained its independence from Italian and German occupation and became a communist state under Enver Hoxha. Austria, annexed by Germany in 1938, was separated from it again and restored as a separate state under four-power occupation.

Finland ceded territory to the Soviet Union, including Karelia and Petsamo, not to the USA. And Hungary and Bulgaria came under communist governments in the Soviet sphere, not capitalist ones. So statements 3 and 4 are wrong.

Answer: B

The key takes statements 1 and 2, so the answer is 1 and 2 only.

Decolonisation as a process took two broad forms. The white settler colonies such as Canada, Australia and New Zealand moved to self-government and dominion status, and the colonies of Asia and Africa saw a formal end to empire followed by independent rule.

Statements 3 and 4 describe what critics of the process call neo-colonialism: formal rule giving way to informal economic domination, or one imperial master simply replacing another. They are criticisms of what followed, not the process of decolonisation itself, so the key leaves them out.

Answer: B

Statements 1, 2 and 3 are impacts of colonialism, so the answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Colonial rule drained resources from the colonies to the imperial country, the Atlantic slave trade carried millions of Africans to the Americas, and missionaries working under colonial protection pursued proselytisation.

A static life style is the opposite of what colonialism produced. It disrupted traditional economies and societies through new land systems, cash crops, migration and urban growth, so statement 4 is not an impact, and the options that include it are wrong.

Answer: D

The treaty that did not redraw the map is the Treaty of Locarno.

The Locarno treaties of 1925 guaranteed the existing western borders of Germany with France and Belgium, as already fixed at Versailles. They confirmed the map rather than changing it.

The others all redrew Europe. The Peace of Westphalia (1648) ended the Thirty Years' War and recognised new states such as the Dutch Republic and Swiss Confederation. The Congress of Vienna (1815) reorganised Europe after Napoleon. The Treaty of Versailles (1919) took territory from Germany and helped create new states such as Poland.

Answer: D

The answer is All of the above.

The Organization of African Unity, founded at Addis Ababa in 1963, set out to rid the continent of colonialism and apartheid, to promote unity and cooperation among African states including economic and social cooperation, and to defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Settling disputes between members, many of them over borders inherited from colonial rule, was also part of its charter, which set up a Commission of Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration. Because each of the first three aims was an objective, no single option is complete on its own. The OAU was replaced by the African Union in 2002.

Answer: A

It was fought to recover lost territories from Israel.

In October 1973, on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur, Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel to regain the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights, which they had lost in the Six-Day War of 1967.

Reopening the Suez Canal followed the later disengagement and peace process rather than being the war's aim. The occupation of Lebanese territory and the attempt to destroy the PLO belong to the 1982 Lebanon war.