Communication for Development in Home Science Questions and Answers

Answer: C

Lasswell's model of communication is the question 'Who says what in which channel to whom with what effect?', put forward in 1948. The phrases therefore come in the order who (d), says what (c), in which channel (b), to whom (a), with what effect (e), which is option (C). The first option begins with the channel and so puts the channel before the sender, the second begins with the effect, which comes last, and the fourth begins with 'says what' and repeats (a), which cannot be right.

Answer: D

David K. Berlo gave a model of communication (ii), the SMCR model; Edgar Dale devised the Cone of Experience (iv); E.M. Rogers wrote on the diffusion of innovations (i); and Robert Chambers developed rapid rural appraisal (iii). So the match is (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii), option (D). Panchayati Raj is a system of local self government and belongs to none of the four, and options (A) and (B) both give Rogers the communication model and Chambers diffusion, which swaps the right pairs.

Answer: A

Marionettes are also called string puppets, the first option. They are jointed figures moved by strings attached to a control held above by the puppeteer, so the figure can walk and gesture. Rod puppets are moved by rods from below, shadow puppets are flat figures that cast a shadow on a screen, and finger puppets are worn on the fingers, so they are the other types and not the marionette. A marionette is controlled from above by the strings and a control bar, and puppets of this kind were used in Indian traditional shows, such as the kathputli of Rajasthan, which is a string puppet.

Answer: C

Advertising is based on the communication function of influence, the third option. The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade the audience to buy a product or accept an idea, which is the work of influencing people's attitudes and choices. Instruction is the function of teaching, information is the function of news reporting, and integration is the function of bringing a community together, so they do not describe advertising as the main one.

Answer: D

Outdoor publicity media include posters and banners, which is I and III, the fourth option. They are displayed in the open, on walls, hoardings and streets, to reach the public. Flip charts and flash cards are teaching aids used with small groups indoors, so the options containing II or IV are wrong. Hoardings, wall paintings, kiosks and neon signs are other examples of the same group, and what they have in common is that the message is placed where the public passes, which is the test the key applies.

Answer: C

(A) is true but (R) is false, which is the third option. Social scientists and development workers do use the indigenous channels of communication, such as folk media, village meetings and local leaders, to reach rural people. These channels are informal, and not formal, in nature, so the reason is wrong. The first option accepts the reason, the second calls the assertion false, and the fourth reverses the two, so they are rejected.

Answer: A

The 'Diffusion of Innovation' theory was proposed by Everett Rogers.

Rogers set out how a new idea spreads through a social system, and sorted adopters into innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards in his book on the subject. Shannon and Weaver gave a mathematical model of communication, Schramm worked on mass communication models, and Aristotle gave an early model of rhetoric.

Answer: C

The effects of the magic bullet theory of mass media are the popularisation of radio and television, the emergence of the advertising industry and Hitler's monopolisation of the mass media, statements II, III and IV.

The theory holds that the media act like a bullet that strikes a passive audience directly, and this view grew out of the power of early radio, film and propaganda. Promotion of innovation is the concern of the diffusion theory, so it is not an effect of this one, and codes that contain I are wrong. The theory is also called the hypodermic needle theory, and it is the earliest of the models of media effects, since later research showed that audiences are not so passive.

Answer: C

The impact of ICTs in practice is seen in networks in society, the digital divide and e-commerce, statements I, II and III.

ICTs have created network structures in society, a gap between those who have access to the technology and those who do not, and online trade. A grapevine is the informal spread of information by word of mouth in an organisation and is not the product of ICTs, so the codes containing IV are wrong.

Answer: B

Both statements are true, but (R) is not the reason for (A).

Diffusion of innovation is the process by which technical and social innovations are adopted in a society. Rogers did present a communication strategy for development, but that is a fact about the author and his work, and it does not account for what diffusion is. So the reason is true without being the explanation of the assertion.