Health Education and Wellness Questions and Answers

Answer: C

Massage is not prescribed in skin disease.

Skin diseases and infections are standard contraindications for massage: rubbing the skin can spread infection, worsen the condition and pass it to the masseur. Open wounds, acute inflammation and fever are other contraindications.

Muscle soreness, body fatigue and muscle stiffness are among the main indications for sports massage, which improves circulation, eases muscle tension and aids recovery after exertion.

Answer: A

The definition is that of the World Health Organization.

The WHO Constitution (1948) defines health as 'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'. The phrase about a socially and economically productive life comes from WHO's later Health for All goal, which aimed at a level of health permitting everyone to lead such a life.

The International Olympic Committee and the Indian Olympic Association govern sport, and there is no 'Indian Health Organization' that issued this definition.

Answer: B

One gram of carbohydrate yields about 4.2 kilocalories.

When carbohydrate is completely oxidised, in a bomb calorimeter or in the body, it releases about 4.1-4.2 kcal per gram, which nutrition tables round to 4 kcal per gram (the Atwater factor). Protein yields about the same in the body.

9.0 kcal per gram is the energy value of fat, and 7.0 kcal per gram that of alcohol. 2.0 kcal per gram is far too low for carbohydrate.

Answer: C

Indigestible fibrous material in food is called Roughage.

Roughage, or dietary fibre, is the part of plant food that human digestive enzymes cannot break down, chiefly cellulose. It adds bulk to the food, helps the movement of food through the intestine, prevents constipation and helps control blood cholesterol and sugar.

Minerals and vitamins are micronutrients that are absorbed, and proteins are digested into amino acids, so none of them is indigestible fibrous material.

Answer: D

Hepatitis is an infection of the Liver.

The word comes from the Greek hepar, liver, and -itis, inflammation. Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, most often caused by the hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D and E, though alcohol, drugs and toxins can also cause it. Jaundice is a common sign.

Infection of the brain is encephalitis (or meningitis of its coverings), of bone osteomyelitis, and inflammation of muscle myositis.

Answer: B

The pressure manipulation is kneading, printed 'Kneeding'.

Massage manipulations are grouped as stroking (effleurage), pressure manipulations (petrissage), percussion (tapotement) and vibration. Kneading is the main pressure manipulation: the muscle is grasped and compressed against the bone or lifted and squeezed, which improves circulation and loosens tissue.

Clapping and pounding are percussion manipulations, delivered as rapid rhythmic blows. Pinching is a light lifting movement used with percussion and does not apply the deep compressive pressure that defines this group.

Answer: C

The one outside the scope of health education is health hazards.

The school health programme, and health education within it, is usually described as having three parts: health services (medical examination, first aid, immunisation), health instruction (teaching about health in the classroom) and healthful living (a healthy school environment and routine).

Health hazards are the dangers that health education teaches people to avoid; they are a subject matter, not one of the areas that make up its scope. So options A, B and D are within its scope and C is the exception.

Answer: B

The code is a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2.

• Carbohydrates: fruits, which supply sugars (and cereals, starch).
• Fats: milk products such as butter, ghee and cream.
• Proteins: pulses, the main vegetable protein source in Indian diets.
• Minerals: common salt, which supplies sodium and chloride.

Option A gives carbohydrates to milk products and fats to fruits, option C gives proteins to milk products and minerals to fruits, and option D gives proteins to salt, so only B is correct.

Answer: C

Hyperplasia means an increase in the number of adipose cells.

Body fat can grow in two ways. In hypertrophy the existing fat cells enlarge as they store more fat. In hyperplasia the number of fat cells increases, which happens mainly in childhood, adolescence and severe obesity, and makes later weight control harder because the extra cells remain.

An increase in size (option A) is hypertrophy. Decreases in size or number (B and D) describe what happens with fat loss, and the number of fat cells changes little once formed.

Answer: D

The code is a-4, b-1, c-2, d-5, e-3.

• Physical hazards: cold, heat, noise, radiation.
• Chemical hazards: poisonous gases, dusts and solvents.
• Biological hazards: parasitic and other infective agents.
• Mechanical hazards: machinery, causing injuries.
• Psycho-social hazards: stress arising from lack of job satisfaction and work relationships.

Option B swaps chemical and biological hazards, and options A and C put cold and job satisfaction in the wrong places, so only D is right.