Modern Techniques and Processes Questions and Answers

Answer: B

The correct matching is a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii, so the answer is code ii iv i iii.

A light table and pencil on paper are used for traditional hand-drawn animation, a camera has depth of field, x-height belongs to typography, and an animatic is a television storyboard.

The other codes give typography to the camera or depth of field to the animatic.

X-height is the height of the lowercase letter x, which fixes the look of a typeface, and an animatic is a rough timed video of the storyboard.

Answer: D

The aquatint dust-box is used to spread resin dust, the fourth option. Resin powder is dusted evenly over a copper or zinc plate, heated so that the grains stick, and then the plate is bitten in acid; the tiny grains act as a resist, so that areas around them are bitten and give tone.

Lime, French chalk and pumice powder are used for cleaning, degreasing or polishing a plate and are not the acid-resisting grain that aquatint needs.

In practice the plate is placed on a rack inside the dust-box, the box is turned or fanned so the resin settles, and the plate is then heated to fix the particles before biting.

Answer: D

Bolting cloth, a fine silk or nylon mesh originally used for sieving flour, is the screen material of silk-screen printing, the fourth option. Ink is pushed through the open parts of the stencilled mesh onto the paper.

Lithography prints from a flat stone or plate, etching from an acid-bitten metal plate, and woodcut from a raised block of wood, and none of them uses a mesh screen.

The mesh is stretched on a frame, and a stencil or photographic film blocks the open areas, so the printed image is the part of the screen left open.

Answer: D

The first mechanical printing press was brought to India by the Portuguese, the fourth option; a press reached Goa in 1556 with Jesuit missionaries and printed religious books.

The British, Dutch and French also set up presses in India, but later, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, so they were not the first.

The press at Goa printed the 'Conclusoes' in 1556, and later presses followed at Cochin and other places, which makes Goa the starting point of printing in India.

Answer: A

The sequence in order of evolving technology is block printing, intaglio printing, lithograph printing and silk-screen printing, the first option: relief block printing is the oldest, intaglio came in the fifteenth century, lithography in 1798 and silk screen in the twentieth.

The other options begin with a later technology such as silk screen or lithography.

Block printing was known in China and India long before the printing press, and screen printing became an art medium only in the twentieth century.

Answer: A

The keyed answer is the first option: (A) is correct and (R) is incorrect. Colour viscosity prints can be made with metal plates, using inks of different viscosity on one plate to print several colours at once.

The reason is incorrect because the viscosity process is not easy to carry out without technical skill; it requires careful control of ink viscosity and rolling.

The method was developed by S.W. Hayter, and the printing of different colours in one pass depends on inks of different viscosity, which requires a good deal of skill.

Answer: A

The keyed answer is the first option: (A) is correct and (R) is incorrect. Jagmohan Chopra achieved the effects he wanted by experimenting with plates made of cardboard and mountboard, a cheaper method of plate making.

The key treats the reason, that metal plates were expensive and not easily available, as not correct. Options B, C and D differ from the key.

Chopra is a leading Indian printmaker, and the key shows him as an experimenter, though the reason offered does not hold in the key's view.

Answer: D

The correct pairing is a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii, the fourth option. Jagmohan Chopra is linked with colography, Lalu Prasad Shaw with lithography, Bhushan Vagle with colour etching, and Jayant Parikh with foilography.

The other options assign the techniques to the wrong printmakers.

These artists are known for their contribution to Indian printmaking, and each is associated with a technique through which he experimented.

Answer: D

The correct pairing is a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii, the fourth option. Clear pin holes are a requirement in silk screen, a close fibre is needed in wood engraving, ghost images are found in lithography, and in aquatint the biting is controlled.

Options A, B and C pair at least one quality with a process that does not have it.

Lithography is the process in which ghost images may appear on the stone or plate, and silk screen needs clean mesh so that no pin holes block the ink.

Answer: D

False biting is a fault, or a technique used on purpose, in etching on a metal plate: acid gets through the ground, or a thin ground, and bites the plate in places where no line was drawn, which gives a speckled or tonal effect. The term does not apply to lithography on a stone, which works by the grease and water principle with no acid biting, to a wood block, which is cut by hand, or to a silk screen, which uses a stencil on a mesh. So (D) is correct.