Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following is not processing?

Correct answer: gatheringGathering data is input - it happens before processing begins. Processing is what the machine then does to the data: arranging, manipulating and calculating.

Q: A computer with an 80286 microprocessor is called

Correct answer: AT computersIBM’s PC/AT (Advanced Technology, 1984) was built round the Intel 80286. The earlier PC and PC/XT used the 8088, and the PS/2 line that followed used the 80286 and 80386 in a new architecture with the Micro Channel bus.

Q: The two major types of computer chips are

Correct answer: Both b and cThe two major kinds of chip are the microprocessor, which does the processing, and the primary memory chip (RAM and ROM), which holds the data and instructions it works on. External or secondary storage - disks - is not a chip in this sense.

Q: UNIVAC is

Correct answer: Universal Automatic ComputerUNIVAC is the UNIVersal Automatic Computer, built by Eckert and Mauchly and delivered in 1951 - the first commercially produced computer in the United States. It made its name by correctly predicting the 1952 presidential election from a small sample of returns.

Q: The two kinds of main memory are:

Correct answer: ROM and RAMMain (primary) memory is of two kinds: RAM, which is read-write and volatile, and ROM, which is read-only and keeps its contents without power - where the start-up firmware lives. “Primary and secondary” describes main memory against disk, which is a different division altogether.

Q: In most of the IBM PCs, the CPU, the device drivers, memory, expansion slots and active components are mounted on a single board. What is the name of the board?

Correct answer: MotherboardThe motherboard is the main printed circuit board, carrying the processor, memory, chipset and expansion slots, and joining them by the system buses. Smaller boards that plug into it are called daughterboards; a breadboard is a prototyping device.

Q: Which of the following statements is valid?

Correct answer: All of aboveAll three are true. Ada, Countess of Lovelace wrote the notes on Babbage’s Analytical Engine that contain what is generally called the first computer program, so she is regarded as the first programmer; she was the daughter of Lord Byron; and the language Ada, developed for the United States Department of Defense in the late 1970s, is named after her.

Q: Which was the most popular first generation computer?

Correct answer: IBM 1650The IBM 650 family - of which the 1650 is the designation used in this question - was the most widely sold computer of the first generation, with roughly two thousand delivered from 1954. The IBM 360 belongs to the third generation and the 1130 to the third as well.

Q: If in a computer, 16 bits are used to specify address in a RAM, the number of addresses will be

Correct answer: Any of the aboveAll three describe the same quantity. Sixteen address lines give \(2^{16}\) distinct combinations, and\[ 2^{16} = 65{,}536 = 64 \times 1024 = 64\text{K} \]so “\(2^{16}\)”, “65,536” and “64K” are three notations for one number.

11.

Why are vacuum tubes also called valves?

A.Because they can amplify the weak signals and make them strong
B.Because they can stop or allow the flow of current
C.Both of above
D.None of above

Answer: B

Correct answer: Because they can stop or allow the flow of current

The name comes from the analogy with a plumbing valve: like a tap, the tube lets current flow one way and blocks it the other, and the grid can stop or allow that flow. Amplification is a further consequence - a small change at the grid produces a large change in the current - but it is the controlling of flow that gives the valve its name.

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12.

Which of the following is not processing?

A.arranging
B.manipulating
C.calculating
D.gathering

Answer: D

Correct answer: gathering

Gathering data is input - it happens before processing begins. Processing is what the machine then does to the data: arranging, manipulating and calculating.

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13.

A computer with an 80286 microprocessor is called

A.XT computer
B.AT computers
C.PS/2 computer
D.None of above

Answer: B

Correct answer: AT computers

IBM’s PC/AT (Advanced Technology, 1984) was built round the Intel 80286. The earlier PC and PC/XT used the 8088, and the PS/2 line that followed used the 80286 and 80386 in a new architecture with the Micro Channel bus.

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14.

The two major types of computer chips are

A.External memory chip
B.Primary memory chip
C.Microprocessor chip
D.Both b and c

Answer: D

Correct answer: Both b and c

The two major kinds of chip are the microprocessor, which does the processing, and the primary memory chip (RAM and ROM), which holds the data and instructions it works on. External or secondary storage - disks - is not a chip in this sense.

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15.

UNIVAC is

A.Universal Automatic Computer
B.Universal Array Computer
C.Unique Automatic Computer
D.Unvalued Automatic Computer

Answer: A

Correct answer: Universal Automatic Computer

UNIVAC is the UNIVersal Automatic Computer, built by Eckert and Mauchly and delivered in 1951 - the first commercially produced computer in the United States. It made its name by correctly predicting the 1952 presidential election from a small sample of returns.

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16.

The two kinds of main memory are:

A.Primary and secondary
B.Random and sequential
C.ROM and RAM
D.All of above

Answer: C

Correct answer: ROM and RAM

Main (primary) memory is of two kinds: RAM, which is read-write and volatile, and ROM, which is read-only and keeps its contents without power - where the start-up firmware lives. “Primary and secondary” describes main memory against disk, which is a different division altogether.

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17.

In most of the IBM PCs, the CPU, the device drivers, memory, expansion slots and active components are mounted on a single board. What is the name of the board?

A.Motherboard
B.Daughterboard
C.Breadboard
D.Fatherboard

Answer: A

Correct answer: Motherboard

The motherboard is the main printed circuit board, carrying the processor, memory, chipset and expansion slots, and joining them by the system buses. Smaller boards that plug into it are called daughterboards; a breadboard is a prototyping device.

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18.

Which of the following statements is valid?

A.Lady Augusta is the first programmer
B.Ada is the daughter of Lord Byron, a famous English poet
C.ADA is a programming language developed by US Defense
D.All of above

Answer: D

Correct answer: All of above

All three are true. Ada, Countess of Lovelace wrote the notes on Babbage’s Analytical Engine that contain what is generally called the first computer program, so she is regarded as the first programmer; she was the daughter of Lord Byron; and the language Ada, developed for the United States Department of Defense in the late 1970s, is named after her.

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19.

Which was the most popular first generation computer?

A.IBM 1650
B.IBM 360
C.IBM 1130
D.IBM 2700

Answer: A

Correct answer: IBM 1650

The IBM 650 family - of which the 1650 is the designation used in this question - was the most widely sold computer of the first generation, with roughly two thousand delivered from 1954. The IBM 360 belongs to the third generation and the 1130 to the third as well.

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20.

If in a computer, 16 bits are used to specify address in a RAM, the number of addresses will be

A.216
B.65,536
C.64K
D.Any of the above

Answer: B

Correct answer: Any of the above

All three describe the same quantity. Sixteen address lines give \(2^{16}\) distinct combinations, and

\[ 2^{16} = 65{,}536 = 64 \times 1024 = 64\text{K} \]

so “\(2^{16}\)”, “65,536” and “64K” are three notations for one number.

Discuss in Forum

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