ICT Fundamentals for Libraries Questions and Answers

Q: Arrange the following measures according to their Bytes contained in them :(i) Exabyte(ii) Yottabyte(iii) Zettabyte(iv) Petabyte

In increasing order of size: (iv) (i) (iii) (ii).\[ \begin{aligned} \text{Petabyte} &= 10^{15}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Exabyte} &= 10^{18}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Zettabyte} &= 10^{21}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Yottabyte} &= 10^{24}\ \text{bytes} \end{aligned} \]Each unit is a thousand times the one before (or 1024 times in the binary convention): peta, exa, zetta, yotta. The other options put the exabyte before the petabyte or the yottabyte before the zettabyte.

Q: Arrange the following steps in programming in a proper logical sequence :(i) Program code(ii) Program documentation(iii) Program test(iv) Program design

The logical sequence is (iv) (i) (iii) (ii): design, code, test, document.A program is first designed, by working out its logic with algorithms or flowcharts. The design is then written as program code, the code is tested to find and remove errors, and finally the program is documented for users and maintainers.Testing cannot come before the code exists, and coding should not begin before the design, so the options starting with testing or documentation, or putting testing before coding, are wrong. Documentation in practice continues throughout, but as a final step it comes last.

Q: Assertion (A) : Search engines search documents for specified keywords, and returns a list of documents where the keywords were found.Reason (R) : Spider helps the search engines to index the documents.

Both (A) and (R) are true.Assertion A describes what a search engine does for the user: it searches its index for the keywords entered and returns a ranked list of documents in which they occur.Reason R describes how that index is built: a spider (crawler or robot) automatically visits web pages, follows their links and passes their content to the indexer. Without the spider there would be no index to search, so R also explains A.The options calling either statement false are therefore wrong.

Q: Which of the following facets are associated with the session layer ?(i) Dialog control(ii) Token Management(iii) Semantics of the information transmitted(iv) Synchronization

The session layer functions are (i), (ii) and (iv): dialog control, token management and synchronization.In the OSI model the session layer (layer 5) sets up, manages and ends sessions between applications. Its standard functions are dialog control (deciding whose turn it is to transmit), token management (preventing both sides from attempting the same critical operation at once) and synchronization (inserting checkpoints so that a long transfer can resume after a failure).Concern with the syntax and semantics of the information transmitted belongs to the presentation layer (layer 6), so every option including (iii) is wrong.

Q: An attempt to make computer resources unavailable to its intended user is called :

This is a Denial-of-Service-Attack.A denial-of-service (DoS) attack tries to make a computer, network or service unavailable to its legitimate users, typically by flooding it with more requests than it can handle. When the flood comes from many machines at once it is a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack.A virus is malicious code that attaches to files and spreads when they run; a worm spreads by itself across networks. Either can cause damage, but neither is defined by making resources unavailable. A botnet is a network of compromised computers, which may be used to launch a DoS attack but is not the attack itself.

Q: Which layers of the OSI reference model are host to host layers ?(i) Transport layer(ii) Network layer(iii) Session layer(iv) Data link layer

The host-to-host layers among those listed are (i) and (iii): the transport and session layers.The OSI model is often divided into the lower 'media' layers (physical, data link and network), which move data across the network hop by hop, and the upper 'host' layers (transport, session, presentation and application), which operate end to end between the two communicating hosts. The transport layer provides end-to-end delivery and the session layer manages the dialogue between them.The network and data link layers work between neighbouring nodes and routers along the path, so options including (ii) or (iv) are wrong.

Q: Program which is used to control system performance is classified as ....................... .

A program used to control system performance is a System program.System programs (system software) manage and control the computer itself: the operating system, device drivers, utilities for monitoring and tuning performance, and so on. They provide the platform on which application programs run.'Experimental', 'specialized' and 'organized' program are not standard categories of software. The basic division is between system software, which runs the machine, and application software, which does users' tasks.

Q: Which "V" of Big Data is concerned with the usefulness of data ?

The V concerned with the usefulness of data is Value.Big data is commonly described by its Vs. Value is the worth or usefulness that can be extracted from the data for decisions and insight, which is the point of collecting it at all.Velocity is the speed at which data are generated and processed. Variety is the range of data types and sources, structured and unstructured. Veracity is the reliability and accuracy of the data. Each describes a property of the data, not its usefulness.

Q: Position Detection pattern are arranged at .................. corners of the QR code.

Position detection patterns are at 3 corners of a QR code.A QR code has three large square 'finder' or position detection patterns, at the top-left, top-right and bottom-left corners. A scanner uses them to find the code and work out its position, size and angle, so it can be read from any orientation.The fourth corner is left without one, which is how the reader tells which way up the code is; larger codes have smaller alignment patterns elsewhere. So 1, 2 and 4 are wrong.

31.

Arrange the following measures according to their Bytes contained in them :

(i) Exabyte
(ii) Yottabyte
(iii) Zettabyte
(iv) Petabyte

A.(iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
B.(i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
C.(i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
D.(iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

In increasing order of size: (iv) (i) (iii) (ii).

\[ \begin{aligned} \text{Petabyte} &= 10^{15}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Exabyte} &= 10^{18}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Zettabyte} &= 10^{21}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Yottabyte} &= 10^{24}\ \text{bytes} \end{aligned} \]

Each unit is a thousand times the one before (or 1024 times in the binary convention): peta, exa, zetta, yotta. The other options put the exabyte before the petabyte or the yottabyte before the zettabyte.

Discuss in Forum

32.

Arrange the following steps in programming in a proper logical sequence :

(i) Program code
(ii) Program documentation
(iii) Program test
(iv) Program design

A.(iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
B.(iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
C.(iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
D.(ii) (iv) (i) (iii)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The logical sequence is (iv) (i) (iii) (ii): design, code, test, document.

A program is first designed, by working out its logic with algorithms or flowcharts. The design is then written as program code, the code is tested to find and remove errors, and finally the program is documented for users and maintainers.

Testing cannot come before the code exists, and coding should not begin before the design, so the options starting with testing or documentation, or putting testing before coding, are wrong. Documentation in practice continues throughout, but as a final step it comes last.

Discuss in Forum

33.

Assertion (A) : Search engines search documents for specified keywords, and returns a list of documents where the keywords were found.
Reason (R) : Spider helps the search engines to index the documents.

A.Both (A) and (R) are true
B.Both (A) and (R) are false
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

Both (A) and (R) are true.

Assertion A describes what a search engine does for the user: it searches its index for the keywords entered and returns a ranked list of documents in which they occur.

Reason R describes how that index is built: a spider (crawler or robot) automatically visits web pages, follows their links and passes their content to the indexer. Without the spider there would be no index to search, so R also explains A.

The options calling either statement false are therefore wrong.

Discuss in Forum

34.

Which of the following facets are associated with the session layer ?

(i) Dialog control
(ii) Token Management
(iii) Semantics of the information transmitted
(iv) Synchronization

A.(i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
B.(i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
C.(ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
D.(i), (iii) and (iv) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2020, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The session layer functions are (i), (ii) and (iv): dialog control, token management and synchronization.

In the OSI model the session layer (layer 5) sets up, manages and ends sessions between applications. Its standard functions are dialog control (deciding whose turn it is to transmit), token management (preventing both sides from attempting the same critical operation at once) and synchronization (inserting checkpoints so that a long transfer can resume after a failure).

Concern with the syntax and semantics of the information transmitted belongs to the presentation layer (layer 6), so every option including (iii) is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

35.

An attempt to make computer resources unavailable to its intended user is called :

A.Virus attack
B.Worm attack
C.Denial-of-Service-Attack
D.Botnet process

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

This is a Denial-of-Service-Attack.

A denial-of-service (DoS) attack tries to make a computer, network or service unavailable to its legitimate users, typically by flooding it with more requests than it can handle. When the flood comes from many machines at once it is a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack.

A virus is malicious code that attaches to files and spreads when they run; a worm spreads by itself across networks. Either can cause damage, but neither is defined by making resources unavailable. A botnet is a network of compromised computers, which may be used to launch a DoS attack but is not the attack itself.

Discuss in Forum

36.

Which layers of the OSI reference model are host to host layers ?

(i) Transport layer
(ii) Network layer
(iii) Session layer
(iv) Data link layer

A.(i) and (ii) are correct
B.(ii) and (iii) are correct
C.(i) and (iii) are correct
D.(ii) and (iv) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The host-to-host layers among those listed are (i) and (iii): the transport and session layers.

The OSI model is often divided into the lower 'media' layers (physical, data link and network), which move data across the network hop by hop, and the upper 'host' layers (transport, session, presentation and application), which operate end to end between the two communicating hosts. The transport layer provides end-to-end delivery and the session layer manages the dialogue between them.

The network and data link layers work between neighbouring nodes and routers along the path, so options including (ii) or (iv) are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

37.

Program which is used to control system performance is classified as ....................... .

A.Experimental program
B.System program
C.Specialized program
D.Organized program

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

A program used to control system performance is a System program.

System programs (system software) manage and control the computer itself: the operating system, device drivers, utilities for monitoring and tuning performance, and so on. They provide the platform on which application programs run.

'Experimental', 'specialized' and 'organized' program are not standard categories of software. The basic division is between system software, which runs the machine, and application software, which does users' tasks.

Discuss in Forum

38.

In Ring Topology, the data can be transmitted only if the computer possesses ...................... .

A.Token
B.Packet
C.Data
D.Access method

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

In a ring topology a computer can transmit only if it possesses the Token.

In a token ring network a special frame, the token, circulates around the ring. A station that wants to send waits until the token reaches it, takes it, sends its data, and then releases the token to the next station. Since only the holder of the token can transmit, collisions are avoided.

Packets and data are what is transmitted, not the permission to transmit. 'Access method' is the general term for how stations share the medium; token passing is the access method here, and the token is the thing a station must hold.

Discuss in Forum

39.

Which "V" of Big Data is concerned with the usefulness of data ?

A.Velocity
B.Variety
C.Veracity
D.Value

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

The V concerned with the usefulness of data is Value.

Big data is commonly described by its Vs. Value is the worth or usefulness that can be extracted from the data for decisions and insight, which is the point of collecting it at all.

Velocity is the speed at which data are generated and processed. Variety is the range of data types and sources, structured and unstructured. Veracity is the reliability and accuracy of the data. Each describes a property of the data, not its usefulness.

Discuss in Forum

40.

Position Detection pattern are arranged at .................. corners of the QR code.

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2020, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

Position detection patterns are at 3 corners of a QR code.

A QR code has three large square 'finder' or position detection patterns, at the top-left, top-right and bottom-left corners. A scanner uses them to find the code and work out its position, size and angle, so it can be read from any orientation.

The fourth corner is left without one, which is how the reader tells which way up the code is; larger codes have smaller alignment patterns elsewhere. So 1, 2 and 4 are wrong.

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