Indian Stratigraphy Questions and Answers

Q: Which stratigraphic unit of the paleozoic succession of Lidar Valley, Kashmir Basin is unfossiliferous ?

The unfossiliferous unit is the Muth Formation.The Muth Formation (Muth Quartzite) is a thick, clean, white quartz arenite of Silurian-Devonian age found across the Tethyan Himalaya, including the Palaeozoic succession of the Liddar valley in Kashmir. Laid down in a high-energy shallow-marine setting, it is notably barren of body fossils.The other units are described as fossil-bearing in the standard account of the succession. The Permian Zewan Formation is rich in brachiopods and bryozoans, and the Carboniferous Fenestella shales are named after the bryozoan Fenestella they contain.

Q: Which one of the following schist belt does not belong to Dharwar craton ?

The schist belt outside the Dharwar craton is the Gangpur schist belt.The Gangpur Group lies in north-western Odisha, on the margin of the Singhbhum craton, far from the Dharwar craton of Karnataka.The other three are Dharwar belts. Shimoga is one of the large Dharwar Supergroup schist belts of the western Dharwar craton, and Nuggihalli and Sargur are older (Sargur Group) greenstone belts of the same craton in southern Karnataka.

Q: Which of the following schist belt is the youngest ?

The youngest is the Dharwar schist belt.In the Dharwar craton the greenstone belts fall into two groups. The Sargur Group belts are the oldest, about 3.3-3.0 Ga, and include those of the Sargur type area and similar enclaves in the south such as Wynad and Sathyamangalam. The Dharwar Supergroup belts, such as Chitradurga and Shimoga, are younger, about 2.9-2.6 Ga, and rest unconformably on the Peninsular Gneiss that intrudes the Sargur rocks.So Sargur, Wynad and Sathyamangalam belong to the older group, and Dharwar is the youngest.

Q: Which one of the following belong to Purana sedimentary basins of peninsular India ?

The Purana basin is the Khariar-Indravati basin.The Purana basins are the Proterozoic sedimentary basins of Peninsular India, filled with largely unmetamorphosed sandstone, shale and limestone resting on the Archaean cratons: Cuddapah, Vindhyan, Chhattisgarh, Kaladgi, Bhima, Pranhita-Godavari and the smaller Khariar and Indravati basins of the Bastar craton.The Krishna-Godavari, Cauvery and Cambay basins are Mesozoic to Cenozoic rift and pericratonic basins, much younger, and they are India's oil and gas basins rather than Purana basins.

Q: The age of Takche Formation, Spiti Valley, Himachal is :

The key gives Ordovician.The Takche Formation of the Spiti Valley overlies the Thango Formation in the Sanugba Group of the Tethyan Himalaya. Its fossils, conodonts and chitinozoans, date it to the Late Ordovician and early Silurian, so it is commonly described as an Ordovician (to Silurian) carbonate unit.The Cambrian is represented lower in the Spiti sequence by the Kunzam La Formation, and Jurassic and Palaeocene rocks lie far higher in the succession, so the only option matching the Takche's age is the Ordovician.

Q: Which of the following stratigraphic unit is of Permian-Triassic age ?

The Permian-Triassic unit is the Guryul ravine section (spelt 'Guruyul ravines' in the paper).The Guryul ravine near Srinagar in Kashmir exposes a continuous marine succession across the Permian-Triassic boundary, from the Zewan Formation (Permian) to the Khunamuh Formation (Permian to Triassic). It is one of the world's reference sections for the end-Permian mass extinction.The Haimanta Group of the Tethys Himalaya is late Precambrian to Cambrian. The Muth Formation is a Silurian to Devonian quartzite of the Spiti region. The Kali Formation is not the unit cited for this boundary. Only Guryul spans the Permian-Triassic.

11.

Which stratigraphic unit of the paleozoic succession of Lidar Valley, Kashmir Basin is unfossiliferous ?

A.Hapatnar Group
B.Muth Formation
C.Zewan Formation
D.Fenestella shales

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The unfossiliferous unit is the Muth Formation.

The Muth Formation (Muth Quartzite) is a thick, clean, white quartz arenite of Silurian-Devonian age found across the Tethyan Himalaya, including the Palaeozoic succession of the Liddar valley in Kashmir. Laid down in a high-energy shallow-marine setting, it is notably barren of body fossils.

The other units are described as fossil-bearing in the standard account of the succession. The Permian Zewan Formation is rich in brachiopods and bryozoans, and the Carboniferous Fenestella shales are named after the bryozoan Fenestella they contain.

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12.

Which one of the following schist belt does not belong to Dharwar craton ?

A.Shimoga schist belt
B.Nuggihalli schist belt
C.Gangpur schist belt
D.Sargur schist belt

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The schist belt outside the Dharwar craton is the Gangpur schist belt.

The Gangpur Group lies in north-western Odisha, on the margin of the Singhbhum craton, far from the Dharwar craton of Karnataka.

The other three are Dharwar belts. Shimoga is one of the large Dharwar Supergroup schist belts of the western Dharwar craton, and Nuggihalli and Sargur are older (Sargur Group) greenstone belts of the same craton in southern Karnataka.

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13.

Which of the following schist belt is the youngest ?

A.Dharwar
B.Sargur
C.Wynad
D.Sathyamangalam

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: D

The youngest is the Dharwar schist belt.

In the Dharwar craton the greenstone belts fall into two groups. The Sargur Group belts are the oldest, about 3.3-3.0 Ga, and include those of the Sargur type area and similar enclaves in the south such as Wynad and Sathyamangalam. The Dharwar Supergroup belts, such as Chitradurga and Shimoga, are younger, about 2.9-2.6 Ga, and rest unconformably on the Peninsular Gneiss that intrudes the Sargur rocks.

So Sargur, Wynad and Sathyamangalam belong to the older group, and Dharwar is the youngest.

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14.

Which one of the following belong to Purana sedimentary basins of peninsular India ?

A.Krishna-Godavari basin
B.Khariar-Indravati basin
C.Cambay basin
D.Cauvery basin

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The Purana basin is the Khariar-Indravati basin.

The Purana basins are the Proterozoic sedimentary basins of Peninsular India, filled with largely unmetamorphosed sandstone, shale and limestone resting on the Archaean cratons: Cuddapah, Vindhyan, Chhattisgarh, Kaladgi, Bhima, Pranhita-Godavari and the smaller Khariar and Indravati basins of the Bastar craton.

The Krishna-Godavari, Cauvery and Cambay basins are Mesozoic to Cenozoic rift and pericratonic basins, much younger, and they are India's oil and gas basins rather than Purana basins.

Discuss in Forum

15.

The age of Takche Formation, Spiti Valley, Himachal is :

A.Ordovician
B.Cambrian
C.Jurassic
D.Palaeocene

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The key gives Ordovician.

The Takche Formation of the Spiti Valley overlies the Thango Formation in the Sanugba Group of the Tethyan Himalaya. Its fossils, conodonts and chitinozoans, date it to the Late Ordovician and early Silurian, so it is commonly described as an Ordovician (to Silurian) carbonate unit.

The Cambrian is represented lower in the Spiti sequence by the Kunzam La Formation, and Jurassic and Palaeocene rocks lie far higher in the succession, so the only option matching the Takche's age is the Ordovician.

Discuss in Forum

16.

Which of the following stratigraphic unit is of Permian-Triassic age ?

A.Haimanta Group
B.Kali Formation
C.Muth Formation
D.Guruyul ravines

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The Permian-Triassic unit is the Guryul ravine section (spelt 'Guruyul ravines' in the paper).

The Guryul ravine near Srinagar in Kashmir exposes a continuous marine succession across the Permian-Triassic boundary, from the Zewan Formation (Permian) to the Khunamuh Formation (Permian to Triassic). It is one of the world's reference sections for the end-Permian mass extinction.

The Haimanta Group of the Tethys Himalaya is late Precambrian to Cambrian. The Muth Formation is a Silurian to Devonian quartzite of the Spiti region. The Kali Formation is not the unit cited for this boundary. Only Guryul spans the Permian-Triassic.

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