Match List - I with List - II and choose the correct answer from the given options.List - I (Arms Control Group/Convention)List - II (India)a. UN Convention against Corruption1. Joined in 2018b. Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)2. Ratified in 2011c. Conventions on Rights of Persons with disabilities3. Joined in 2016d. Australia Group (AG)4. Ratified in 2007

The correct matching is a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1.UN Convention against Corruption: India ratified it in 2011.Missile Technology Control Regime: India joined in 2016.UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: India ratified it in 2007.Australia Group: India joined in 2018.The other options mix the dates. India joined the export-control regimes in the order MTCR (2016), Wassenaar Arrangement (2017) and Australia Group (2018), which rules out pairing the Australia Group with any year but 2018.

List-I below gives names of some Indians, who served on some UN bodies given in List-II. Match the two lists and select the correct answer from the codes given below :List-I (Indian)List-II (UN Bodies and the Post)(i) Hansa Mehta(a) Chairman of UN Panel of External Auditors(ii) Vijayalaxmi Pandit(b) Member of Drafting Panel of UN Declaration of Human Rights(iii) Nagendra Singh(c) President of 8th Session of UN General Assembly(iv) Vinod Rai(d) President of International Court of Justice

The correct match is i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a.Hansa Mehta served on the UN Commission on Human Rights that drafted the Universal Declaration, and is credited with changing 'all men are born free and equal' to 'all human beings'.Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was elected President of the 8th session of the UN General Assembly in 1953, the first woman to hold the post.Nagendra Singh was President of the International Court of Justice from 1985 to 1988.Vinod Rai, as India's CAG, chaired the UN Panel of External Auditors.The other options cross at least two of these well-recorded appointments.

India's Foreign Policy Questions and Answers

Q: Arrange the following in chronological order.(Summits/meeting hosted by India 2021-2024)1. BIMSTEC Business Summit 2. BRICS Summit3. First India-Central Asia Summit 4. SCO Summit

The order is 2, 3, 4, 1.BRICS Summit hosted by India: September 2021, held virtually.First India-Central Asia Summit: January 2022, held virtually.SCO Summit under India's chairmanship: July 2023, held virtually.BIMSTEC Business Summit in New Delhi: 2024.Options that begin with the BIMSTEC Business Summit or the SCO Summit have the sequence reversed, and the option 3, 2, 4, 1 puts the Central Asia summit before the 2021 BRICS Summit.

Q: Identify the country 'X' from the following:1. India signed Treaty of Peace and Friendship with 'X' in 19502. 'Kalapani' and 'Limpiyadhura' remained a bone of contention between India and 'X' for long3. 'X' recently became the first South Asian Country to officially register same-sex marriage4. Joint Military Exercise 'SURYA KIRAN' is conducted between India and 'X'

X is Nepal.India and Nepal signed the Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1950. Kalapani and Limpiyadhura (with Lipulekh) are the disputed areas between the two countries, a dispute revived when Nepal issued a new map in 2020. In November 2023 Nepal registered its first same-sex marriage, the first such registration in South Asia, and Surya Kiran is the joint military exercise of the Indian and Nepalese armies.Exercises with Sri Lanka (Mitra Shakti), Bhutan and Myanmar have other names, and none of those countries fits the treaty or the border dispute.

Q: The Joint River Commission constituted in 1972 was expected to solve the water dispute between :

The Joint Rivers Commission of 1972 deals with India and Bangladesh.The Indo-Bangladesh Joint Rivers Commission was set up in 1972, soon after Bangladesh's independence, to manage the 54 rivers the two countries share, especially the Ganga waters at Farakka. It led eventually to the Ganga Water Treaty of 1996.India and Nepal deal with river issues through the Kosi and Gandak agreements and later bodies, India and Bhutan through hydropower agreements, and India and China only through expert-level hydrological data sharing.

Q: India's claim for permanent seat in the UN Security Council is justified for the following reasons :(i) India has successfully conducted nuclear explosions.(ii) India has never attacked any country.(iii) Indian economy is growing fast.(iv) India has achieved greater diplomatic clout among third world countries.Choose the correct answer from the following codes :

The keyed reasons are (i), (iii) and (iv).India's case for a permanent seat rests on its weight in world affairs: it is a nuclear-weapon power (since the tests of 1974 and 1998), it has one of the world's largest and fastest-growing economies, and it has diplomatic standing among developing countries as a leader of the Non-Aligned Movement and the G-77. These are the grounds the key accepts.Statement (ii), that India has never attacked any country, is not a recognised ground for membership and is itself contested, so the codes including it (A and B) are wrong, and (iii) and (iv) alone leave out the nuclear factor.

Q: Examine the following statements about India's Nuclear Policy and mark the incorrect one :

The incorrect statement is that India favours both vertical and horizontal proliferation.India has opposed nuclear proliferation of both kinds, the growth of existing arsenals (vertical) and the spread to new states (horizontal), while arguing that only universal disarmament can end the problem.The other statements describe India's policy: it regards the NPT as discriminatory, dividing the world into nuclear 'haves' and 'have-nots', and has never signed it; it calls for total, time-bound nuclear disarmament; and it has opposed a South Asian nuclear-weapon-free zone, because its security concerns extend beyond the region.

Q: Select from the following statements the main theme of the 1971 UN Declaration on Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace. Use the codes :(i) To eliminate the regional and extra regional power presence(ii) To eliminate the great power presence in the context of great power rivalry(iii) To make the region a Zone of Peace(iv) To declare the region as a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone.Codes :

The keyed main theme is (ii) and (iii) only.The UN General Assembly's Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace (Resolution 2832, 1971), sponsored by Sri Lanka, declared the Indian Ocean a zone of peace and called on the great powers to halt the escalation and expansion of their military presence there, conceived in the context of great power rivalry, and to remove their bases.It did not seek to eliminate the presence of the regional states themselves, so (i) is wrong, and it did not declare the ocean a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the formal sense, so the codes including (iv) go beyond the Declaration's central theme.

Q: Which of the following is an incentive behind the Look East Policy of India ?

The keyed answer is quest for energy security (option B).India's Look East Policy, begun under Narasimha Rao in 1991, aimed at economic integration with South-East Asia after the Cold War and the 1991 balance-of-payments crisis. Access to trade, investment and resources, including oil and gas, is commonly listed among its motives, and that is the incentive among these options that fits an economic policy.Weapons purchases (A) and dominating the Indian Ocean (D) were not aims of the policy. Countering China is sometimes mentioned as a strategic by-product (C), but a 'China-Pak axis' is not a standard stated aim of Look East. I could not find a source that settles the question between B and C, so this explanation follows the key and the economic reading of the policy.

Arrange the following in chronological order.
(Summits/meeting hosted by India 2021-2024)

1. BIMSTEC Business Summit 2. BRICS Summit
3. First India-Central Asia Summit 4. SCO Summit

A.2, 3, 4, 1
B.1, 4, 3, 2
C.3, 2, 4, 1
D.4, 3, 2, 1

Exam Year(s)

Kerala PSC KAS - 2025,

Answer: A

The order is 2, 3, 4, 1.

BRICS Summit hosted by India: September 2021, held virtually.
First India-Central Asia Summit: January 2022, held virtually.
SCO Summit under India's chairmanship: July 2023, held virtually.
BIMSTEC Business Summit in New Delhi: 2024.

Options that begin with the BIMSTEC Business Summit or the SCO Summit have the sequence reversed, and the option 3, 2, 4, 1 puts the Central Asia summit before the 2021 BRICS Summit.

Discuss in Forum

Match List - I with List - II and choose the correct answer from the given options.

List - I (Arms Control Group/Convention)	List - II (India)
a. UN Convention against Corruption	1. Joined in 2018
b. Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)	2. Ratified in 2011
c. Conventions on Rights of Persons with disabilities	3. Joined in 2016
d. Australia Group (AG)	4. Ratified in 2007

A.a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
B.a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4
C.a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4
D.a-2, b-4, c-3, d-1

Exam Year(s)

Kerala PSC KAS - 2025,

Answer: A

The correct matching is a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1.

UN Convention against Corruption: India ratified it in 2011.
Missile Technology Control Regime: India joined in 2016.
UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: India ratified it in 2007.
Australia Group: India joined in 2018.

The other options mix the dates. India joined the export-control regimes in the order MTCR (2016), Wassenaar Arrangement (2017) and Australia Group (2018), which rules out pairing the Australia Group with any year but 2018.

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Identify the country 'X' from the following:

1. India signed Treaty of Peace and Friendship with 'X' in 1950
2. 'Kalapani' and 'Limpiyadhura' remained a bone of contention between India and 'X' for long
3. 'X' recently became the first South Asian Country to officially register same-sex marriage
4. Joint Military Exercise 'SURYA KIRAN' is conducted between India and 'X'

A.Sri Lanka
B.Bhutan
C.Nepal
D.Myanmar

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2024,

Answer: C

X is Nepal.

India and Nepal signed the Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1950. Kalapani and Limpiyadhura (with Lipulekh) are the disputed areas between the two countries, a dispute revived when Nepal issued a new map in 2020. In November 2023 Nepal registered its first same-sex marriage, the first such registration in South Asia, and Surya Kiran is the joint military exercise of the Indian and Nepalese armies.

Exercises with Sri Lanka (Mitra Shakti), Bhutan and Myanmar have other names, and none of those countries fits the treaty or the border dispute.

Discuss in Forum

The Joint River Commission constituted in 1972 was expected to solve the water dispute between :

A.India and China
B.India and Bhutan
C.India and Bangladesh
D.India and Nepal

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The Joint Rivers Commission of 1972 deals with India and Bangladesh.

The Indo-Bangladesh Joint Rivers Commission was set up in 1972, soon after Bangladesh's independence, to manage the 54 rivers the two countries share, especially the Ganga waters at Farakka. It led eventually to the Ganga Water Treaty of 1996.

India and Nepal deal with river issues through the Kosi and Gandak agreements and later bodies, India and Bhutan through hydropower agreements, and India and China only through expert-level hydrological data sharing.

Discuss in Forum

List-I below gives names of some Indians, who served on some UN bodies given in List-II. Match the two lists and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List-I (Indian)	List-II (UN Bodies and the Post)
(i) Hansa Mehta	(a) Chairman of UN Panel of External Auditors
(ii) Vijayalaxmi Pandit	(b) Member of Drafting Panel of UN Declaration of Human Rights
(iii) Nagendra Singh	(c) President of 8th Session of UN General Assembly
(iv) Vinod Rai	(d) President of International Court of Justice

A.i-d, ii-a, iii-b, iv-c
B.i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c
C.i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a
D.i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

The correct match is i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a.

Hansa Mehta served on the UN Commission on Human Rights that drafted the Universal Declaration, and is credited with changing 'all men are born free and equal' to 'all human beings'.
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was elected President of the 8th session of the UN General Assembly in 1953, the first woman to hold the post.
Nagendra Singh was President of the International Court of Justice from 1985 to 1988.
Vinod Rai, as India's CAG, chaired the UN Panel of External Auditors.

The other options cross at least two of these well-recorded appointments.

Discuss in Forum

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R) :

Assertion (A) : The 17th NAM Summit in Venezuela was attended by India's Vice-President Hamid Ansari.
Reason (R) : In the post-cold war world NAM is expected to focus on core issues of global concern.

In the context of the above two statements, which of the following is correct ?

Codes :

A.(A) is true, (R) is false
B.(A) is false, (R) is true
C.Both (A) and (R) are individually true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
D.Both (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

Both (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

The 17th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement was held on Margarita Island, Venezuela, in September 2016. India was represented by Vice-President Hamid Ansari, as Prime Minister Modi did not attend.

It is also true that after the Cold War NAM has been expected to concentrate on core global issues such as development, disarmament and terrorism. But that general expectation does not explain who represented India at one summit, so option C is wrong, and A and B are wrong because both statements are true.

Discuss in Forum

India's claim for permanent seat in the UN Security Council is justified for the following reasons :

(i) India has successfully conducted nuclear explosions.
(ii) India has never attacked any country.
(iii) Indian economy is growing fast.
(iv) India has achieved greater diplomatic clout among third world countries.

Choose the correct answer from the following codes :

A.All are correct
B.(i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
C.(iii) and (iv) are correct
D.(i), (iii) and (iv) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

The keyed reasons are (i), (iii) and (iv).

India's case for a permanent seat rests on its weight in world affairs: it is a nuclear-weapon power (since the tests of 1974 and 1998), it has one of the world's largest and fastest-growing economies, and it has diplomatic standing among developing countries as a leader of the Non-Aligned Movement and the G-77. These are the grounds the key accepts.

Statement (ii), that India has never attacked any country, is not a recognised ground for membership and is itself contested, so the codes including it (A and B) are wrong, and (iii) and (iv) alone leave out the nuclear factor.

Discuss in Forum

Examine the following statements about India's Nuclear Policy and mark the incorrect one :

A.India considers Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as discriminatory treaty
B.India is in favour of both vertical and horizontal nuclear weapon proliferation
C.India is for total nuclear disarmament
D.India is against declaring South Asia as a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The incorrect statement is that India favours both vertical and horizontal proliferation.

India has opposed nuclear proliferation of both kinds, the growth of existing arsenals (vertical) and the spread to new states (horizontal), while arguing that only universal disarmament can end the problem.

The other statements describe India's policy: it regards the NPT as discriminatory, dividing the world into nuclear 'haves' and 'have-nots', and has never signed it; it calls for total, time-bound nuclear disarmament; and it has opposed a South Asian nuclear-weapon-free zone, because its security concerns extend beyond the region.

Discuss in Forum

Select from the following statements the main theme of the 1971 UN Declaration on Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace. Use the codes :

(i) To eliminate the regional and extra regional power presence
(ii) To eliminate the great power presence in the context of great power rivalry
(iii) To make the region a Zone of Peace
(iv) To declare the region as a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone.

Codes :

A.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
B.(ii), (iii) only
C.(iii), (iv) only
D.(i), (ii) and (iii) only

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The keyed main theme is (ii) and (iii) only.

The UN General Assembly's Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace (Resolution 2832, 1971), sponsored by Sri Lanka, declared the Indian Ocean a zone of peace and called on the great powers to halt the escalation and expansion of their military presence there, conceived in the context of great power rivalry, and to remove their bases.

It did not seek to eliminate the presence of the regional states themselves, so (i) is wrong, and it did not declare the ocean a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the formal sense, so the codes including (iv) go beyond the Declaration's central theme.

Discuss in Forum

10.

Which of the following is an incentive behind the Look East Policy of India ?

A.Weapons purchases
B.Quest for energy security
C.To build relations to counter China-Pak axis
D.Dominate the Indian Ocean

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The keyed answer is quest for energy security (option B).

India's Look East Policy, begun under Narasimha Rao in 1991, aimed at economic integration with South-East Asia after the Cold War and the 1991 balance-of-payments crisis. Access to trade, investment and resources, including oil and gas, is commonly listed among its motives, and that is the incentive among these options that fits an economic policy.

Weapons purchases (A) and dominating the Indian Ocean (D) were not aims of the policy. Countering China is sometimes mentioned as a strategic by-product (C), but a 'China-Pak axis' is not a standard stated aim of Look East. I could not find a source that settles the question between B and C, so this explanation follows the key and the economic reading of the policy.

India's Foreign Policy Questions and Answers

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