Thinking, Intelligence and Creativity Questions and Answers

Q: The observation that scores on intelligence tests worldwide have increased substantially over the past decades, this is called as :

This is the Flynn effect.James Flynn documented that average IQ test scores rose by about 3 points per decade across the twentieth century in many countries, so tests must be re-normed periodically. Suggested causes include better nutrition, schooling and more complex environments.The generation gap refers to differences in values between age groups, and 'the IQ effect' and 'the Wechsler effect' are not names for this finding.

Q: Read each of the following two statements-Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :Assertion (A) : Intelligence is a single entity.Reason (R) : Various types of intelligence exist independently of each other.Choose the correct response :

Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.(A) is false according to the multiple-intelligence views the question draws on: theorists such as Thurstone (primary mental abilities), Gardner (multiple intelligences) and Sternberg (triarchic theory) reject the idea that intelligence is a single unitary entity.(R) states Gardner's position that the various intelligences are relatively independent of each other, which the key accepts as true. Since (A) is false, (R) cannot explain it.

Q: A person's intelligence is determined fundamentally by

The keyed answer is nerve cells in the cortex.The cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain, is the seat of the higher mental functions that intelligence tests measure: reasoning, memory, language and problem-solving. These depend on its neurons and the connections between them, which is why the key points to the nerve cells of the cortex.Brain size and weight are poor guides: an elephant's or a whale's brain is far heavier than a human's, and human brains vary widely in size without matching differences in ability. Since one option is supported, 'None of these' is wrong. (Heredity and environment shape how the cortex develops, but they are not among the options.)

111.

The observation that scores on intelligence tests worldwide have increased substantially over the past decades, this is called as :

A.Flynn effect
B.The generation gap
C.The IQ effect
D.The Wechsler effect

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

This is the Flynn effect.

James Flynn documented that average IQ test scores rose by about 3 points per decade across the twentieth century in many countries, so tests must be re-normed periodically. Suggested causes include better nutrition, schooling and more complex environments.

The generation gap refers to differences in values between age groups, and 'the IQ effect' and 'the Wechsler effect' are not names for this finding.

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112.

Read each of the following two statements-Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : Environments that influence educational and cultural opportunities enhance crystallized intelligence.
Reason (R) : Crystallized intelligence is developed through stimulating fluid intelligence.

Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A)
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true: crystallized intelligence, the store of knowledge and skills acquired through education and experience, grows with educational and cultural opportunities.

(R) reflects Cattell's investment theory: fluid intelligence (the capacity to reason and learn) is invested in learning experiences, and crystallized intelligence is the product of that investment. Environments rich in educational and cultural opportunities give more occasions for that investment, which is why they enhance crystallized intelligence, so (R) explains (A).

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113.

Read each of the following two statements-Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : Intelligence is a single entity.
Reason (R) : Various types of intelligence exist independently of each other.

Choose the correct response :

A.Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation for Assertion (A)
B.Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation for Assertion (A)
C.Assertion (A) is true, But Reason (R) is false
D.Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

(A) is false according to the multiple-intelligence views the question draws on: theorists such as Thurstone (primary mental abilities), Gardner (multiple intelligences) and Sternberg (triarchic theory) reject the idea that intelligence is a single unitary entity.

(R) states Gardner's position that the various intelligences are relatively independent of each other, which the key accepts as true. Since (A) is false, (R) cannot explain it.

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114.

A person's intelligence is determined fundamentally by

A.Size of brain
B.Weight of brain
C.Nerve cells in the cortex
D.None of these

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2026,

Answer: D

The keyed answer is nerve cells in the cortex.

The cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain, is the seat of the higher mental functions that intelligence tests measure: reasoning, memory, language and problem-solving. These depend on its neurons and the connections between them, which is why the key points to the nerve cells of the cortex.

Brain size and weight are poor guides: an elephant's or a whale's brain is far heavier than a human's, and human brains vary widely in size without matching differences in ability. Since one option is supported, 'None of these' is wrong. (Heredity and environment shape how the cortex develops, but they are not among the options.)

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115.

The chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance is called

A.Intelligence Quotient
B.Maturation
C.Mental age
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Mental age is the age level of performance, that is, the chronological age that typically corresponds to a given level of performance on an intelligence test, a concept introduced by Binet. The intelligence quotient is the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100, so it is a number derived from it. Maturation is the biological unfolding of growth and is not an age-score, and since mental age is right, 'none of the above' is wrong. For example, a child who performs like an average eight-year-old has a mental age of eight, whatever the child's calendar age is. The answer is mental age.

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116.

The role of unconscious in creative thinking is known as the process of

A.Verification
B.Illumination
C.Inoculation
D.Incubation

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

In the four-stage model of creative thinking (Wallas), the stages are preparation, incubation, illumination and verification. Incubation is the stage in which the problem is put aside and unconscious processes work on it, so the role of the unconscious is known as incubation. Illumination is the sudden insight, verification is the testing of the idea, and inoculation is not a stage of the creative process at all. For example, a person may struggle with a design problem, give it up for a night, and find a solution on waking, which is said to come from unconscious work in the incubation period. The answer is incubation.

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117.

Which is the correct order of 'Products' given by Guilford ?

A.Units, Relations, Classes, Systems, Implications, Transformations
B.Units, Classes, Systems, Relations, Implications, Transformations
C.Units, Classes, Relations, Systems, Transformations, Implications
D.Units, Classes, Systems, Relations, Transformations, Implications

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Guilford's structure of intellect has three dimensions, operations, contents and products, and the six products are, in the usual order, units, classes, relations, systems, transformations and implications. The other options swap the middle terms: placing relations after systems, or implications before transformations, spoils the sequence. The answer is units, classes, relations, systems, transformations, implications.

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118.

Which is not the obstacle to problem solving ?

A.Confirmation bias
B.Fixation
C.Mental Set
D.Heuristics

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Obstacles to problem solving include confirmation bias (looking only for evidence that supports one's own view), fixation (inability to see a new use of an object) and mental set (the habit of using a method that worked before). Heuristics are rules of thumb that shorten the search for a solution, so they are aids, not obstacles, although they may sometimes mislead. The way to avoid them is to look at the problem afresh, ask for views of other people and consider evidence against one's own idea. The answer is heuristics.

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119.

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A), and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : Algorithm is a logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem.
Reason (R) : One can find the solution even to complex problems by following step by step procedure.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Assertion (A) is true: an algorithm is a step-by-step rule that guarantees a solution if it is followed correctly. Reason (R) is also true, since one can solve even complex problems by following the steps. The official key regards (R) as the correct explanation of (A), because the guarantee given by an algorithm comes from the fact that its steps are followed in sequence. The answer is both are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

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120.

The sentence "Blue Jeans wear false smiles" has correct _______ but incorrect ________.

A.Morphemes; phonemes
B.Phonemes; morphemes
C.Semantics; syntax
D.Syntax; semantics

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The sentence 'Blue jeans wear false smiles' follows the rules of word order and grammar, so its syntax is correct, but the meaning is nonsense, since jeans cannot smile, so the semantics is incorrect. Phonemes and morphemes are both fine: the sounds are English and the words are real. A grammatical sentence with a silly meaning, such as Chomsky's 'Colourless green ideas sleep furiously', shows the same thing: syntax can be right while semantics is wrong. The answer is syntax; semantics.

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