Thinking, Intelligence and Creativity Questions and Answers

Q: Which one of the following explanation may be considered as relatively appropriate for determining intelligence ?

The relatively appropriate explanation is a major contribution of genetic factors and some contribution of environmental factors.Studies of twins and adoptees show that heredity accounts for a large share of differences in measured intelligence, and the environment, such as nutrition and schooling, accounts for part of the rest. Option (D) states that balance.The 'negligible environmental' view is too extreme, and 'economic factors' is too narrow. The view that social factors are the main contribution reverses the evidence, so those options are not accepted.

Q: Out of the following, which approach used in assessment of intelligence is oldest one ?

The oldest approach listed is keyed as chronometric analysis.Chronometric analysis measures the time taken to respond to stimuli. Mental reaction-time measurement goes back to the nineteenth century and the earliest laboratory work on mental speed, before the psychometric test movement.The psychometric approach through test batteries, and culture-fair tests which came later to reduce cultural bias, are more recent, and the key does not treat the biological approach as the oldest.

Q: Match List - I with List - II and indicate your answer with the help of codes given below :List - I (Phenomenon)List - II (Psychologist)p. Two factor theory1. Thurstonq. Multifactor Theory of Intelligence2. Jensenr. Structure of Intellect Model3. Spearmans. Level Theory of Intelligence4. GuilfordCodes :p q r s

The correct code is 3 1 4 2.The two factor theory is Spearman's (3). The multifactor theory is associated with Thurstone (1). The structure of intellect model is Guilford's (4). The level theory of intelligence is Jensen's (2).The other codes, such as 2 3 1 4, give the two factor theory to Jensen or Thurstone, which is incorrect.

Q: The Chess Master selects his next move by considering moves that would threaten his opponent's queen. His opponent, a chess-playing computer selects its next move by considering all possible moves. The chess master is using _____ and the computer is using _____.

The chess master uses a heuristic and the computer uses an algorithm.A heuristic is a rule of thumb that narrows the search, as when the master considers only moves that threaten the queen. An algorithm is a step-by-step method that guarantees a solution by trying every possibility, as the computer does when it considers all possible moves.The other options reverse the pair or bring in a prototype or mental set, which are not problem-solving procedures of this kind.

Q: Match List - I with List - II and indicate your answer with the help of codes given below :List - I (Process/Phenomenon)List - II (Psychological Name)p. Grouping of similar objects, events1. Conceptq. Logical rule of solving problem2. Insightr. Thumb-rule of solving problem3. Heuristics. Realization of solution to problem4. AlgorithmCodes :p q r s

The correct code is 1 4 3 2.Grouping similar objects and events is a concept (1). A logical rule of solving a problem that guarantees success is an algorithm (4). A thumb rule of solving a problem is a heuristic (3). The sudden realisation of the solution is insight (2).The other codes swap algorithm with heuristic or insight, for example calling the logical rule insight, which does not agree with their definitions.

191.

A person who excels in zeroing in on what information is crucial in a given situation and combining seemingly unrelated facts is high on

I. Componential
II. Experiential
III. Contextual
Codes :

A.I only
B.II only
C.I and III
D.II and III

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

A person who is good at picking out what information is crucial and at combining seemingly unrelated facts is high on the experiential part of Sternberg's triarchic theory (II only). The experiential subtheory covers insight, selective encoding, selective combination and dealing with novelty.

Componential intelligence is analytical thinking, such as reasoning and solving problems, and contextual intelligence is practical adaptation to the environment, so options that include I or III are wrong.

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192.

Abstract, idealized representation that captures an average or typical member of a category of things is referred to as

A.Exemplar
B.Prototype
C.Concept
D.Schemas

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The abstract, idealized representation of an average or typical member of a category is a prototype.

In the study of concepts, a prototype is the best or most typical example that stands for the whole category, for instance a robin standing for 'bird'. New objects are judged by how closely they resemble it.

An exemplar is a stored memory of one actual member of the category, not an abstract average. A concept is the general category idea itself, and a schema is an organised body of knowledge about a topic or situation, so neither names the abstract typical member.

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193.

Out of the following, who has not explained intelligence as having more than one component at higher order level ?

A.Cattell
B.Guilford
C.Jensen
D.Thurston

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The one who has not described more than one component at a higher order level is Thurston.

Thurstone proposed a set of independent primary mental abilities at a single level, not a structure with several components arranged above them. Cattell described fluid and crystallised intelligence as second-order factors, Guilford's structure of intellect has multiple operations, contents and products, and Jensen proposed two levels of abilities, Level I and Level II.

These three describe more than one component at a higher order, so only Thurstone is the exception.

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194.

Which one of the following explanation may be considered as relatively appropriate for determining intelligence ?

A.Main contribution of genetic factors and only negligible contribution of environmental factors.
B.Considerable contribution of genetic factors and some contribution of economic factors.
C.Some contribution of genetic factors and main contribution of social and other factors.
D.Major contribution of genetic factors and some contribution of environmental factors.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The relatively appropriate explanation is a major contribution of genetic factors and some contribution of environmental factors.

Studies of twins and adoptees show that heredity accounts for a large share of differences in measured intelligence, and the environment, such as nutrition and schooling, accounts for part of the rest. Option (D) states that balance.

The 'negligible environmental' view is too extreme, and 'economic factors' is too narrow. The view that social factors are the main contribution reverses the evidence, so those options are not accepted.

Discuss in Forum

195.

Out of the following, which approach used in assessment of intelligence is oldest one ?

A.Psychometric Approach
B.Biological Approach
C.Culture Fair
D.Chronometric Analysis

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The oldest approach listed is keyed as chronometric analysis.

Chronometric analysis measures the time taken to respond to stimuli. Mental reaction-time measurement goes back to the nineteenth century and the earliest laboratory work on mental speed, before the psychometric test movement.

The psychometric approach through test batteries, and culture-fair tests which came later to reduce cultural bias, are more recent, and the key does not treat the biological approach as the oldest.

Discuss in Forum

196.

Match List - I with List - II and indicate your answer with the help of codes given below :

List - I (Phenomenon)	List - II (Psychologist)
p. Two factor theory	1. Thurston
q. Multifactor Theory of Intelligence	2. Jensen
r. Structure of Intellect Model	3. Spearman
s. Level Theory of Intelligence	4. Guilford

Codes :
p q r s

A.2 3 1 4
B.1 2 4 3
C.4 3 2 1
D.3 1 4 2

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The correct code is 3 1 4 2.

The two factor theory is Spearman's (3). The multifactor theory is associated with Thurstone (1). The structure of intellect model is Guilford's (4). The level theory of intelligence is Jensen's (2).

The other codes, such as 2 3 1 4, give the two factor theory to Jensen or Thurstone, which is incorrect.

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197.

The Chess Master selects his next move by considering moves that would threaten his opponent's queen. His opponent, a chess-playing computer selects its next move by considering all possible moves. The chess master is using _____ and the computer is using _____.

A.Algorithm ; heuristic
B.Prototype ; mental set
C.Mental set ; prototype
D.Heuristic ; algorithm

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The chess master uses a heuristic and the computer uses an algorithm.

A heuristic is a rule of thumb that narrows the search, as when the master considers only moves that threaten the queen. An algorithm is a step-by-step method that guarantees a solution by trying every possibility, as the computer does when it considers all possible moves.

The other options reverse the pair or bring in a prototype or mental set, which are not problem-solving procedures of this kind.

Discuss in Forum

198.

Match List - I with List - II and indicate your answer with the help of codes given below :

List - I (Process/Phenomenon)	List - II (Psychological Name)
p. Grouping of similar objects, events	1. Concept
q. Logical rule of solving problem	2. Insight
r. Thumb-rule of solving problem	3. Heuristic
s. Realization of solution to problem	4. Algorithm

Codes :
p q r s

A.1 2 3 4
B.1 3 4 2
C.1 4 2 3
D.1 4 3 2

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The correct code is 1 4 3 2.

Grouping similar objects and events is a concept (1). A logical rule of solving a problem that guarantees success is an algorithm (4). A thumb rule of solving a problem is a heuristic (3). The sudden realisation of the solution is insight (2).

The other codes swap algorithm with heuristic or insight, for example calling the logical rule insight, which does not agree with their definitions.

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199.

Read each of the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R). And indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : In the later part of his life Spearman observed that in a certain set of tests each test correlates higher with other tests within the set but lower with tests in other such sets.
Reason (R) : This may be because of "group factors" which are of moderate degree of generality.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Both statements are true and the reason explains the assertion: Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Spearman first proposed a general factor g and specific factors. Later he saw that some tests correlate more with each other than with tests of other sets (A). He explained this by group factors, which are moderately general (R), so the reason accounts for the observed clustering.

The other options deny one of the statements or the link, which does not agree with his later modification.

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200.

A guaranteed solution to a problem is provided by

A.an Algorithm
B.a Heuristic
C.a Rule of Thumb
D.a Rule of Set

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

A guaranteed solution is provided by an algorithm. An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure that, if followed correctly, always produces the correct answer, as in working out a long division. A heuristic is a rule-of-thumb strategy that is quicker but may fail. A rule of thumb is simply another name for such a heuristic, so it carries no guarantee either. A rule of set is not a recognised problem-solving term in psychology, so none of these three can promise a solution.

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