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International Relations Questions and Answers

121.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List-IList-II
(a) Samuel P. Huntington(i) Retreat of the State
(b) Joseph Nye(ii) World Systems
(c) Susan Strange(iii) Clash of Civilizations
(d) Immanuel Wallerstein(iv) Soft Power

Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Samuel Huntington wrote The Clash of Civilizations (iii), Joseph Nye is the author of the concept of soft power (iv), Susan Strange wrote The Retreat of the State (i), and Immanuel Wallerstein is known for the world systems theory (ii). That gives (iii) (iv) (i) (ii), option A. The other codes each give Huntington another idea, such as world systems or soft power, which is wrong.

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122.

The Bretton Woods Agreement

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 led to the establishment of the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), to organise a postwar system of exchange rates and reconstruction finance, which is the keyed answer, option C. It had no connection with a campaign to save the rainforest or with the founding of the World Wildlife Fund, and it did not argue anything about the Soviet Union and the unmixed economy.

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123.

According to many realists, how is international peace best secured ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

According to many realists, international peace is best secured by a balance of power between states: no state can dominate if others combine against it, so the fear of counter-balancing deters aggression. Concessions to powerful states are appeasement, which realists treat as encouraging the powerful, spreading democratic values is a liberal idea, and a worldwide federation of states is an idealist proposal. The answer is option B.

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124.

In the field of nuclear strategy what does MAD stand for ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

In nuclear strategy MAD stands for Mutually Assured Destruction, the doctrine of the Cold War under which each superpower could, even after being struck first, destroy the other, so that neither would start a nuclear war. The acronym was coined as a pun on the word 'mad', which also describes the logic of threatening mutual ruin. The other options, 'Missiles Are Dangerous', 'Mammals Are Doomed' and 'Make America Die', are made-up expansions. The answer is option D.

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125.

Who said the following, 'War is Foreign Policy by other means" ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The remark that war is the continuation of policy by other means is that of Carl von Clausewitz, the Prussian general, in On War, and the question's wording 'Foreign Policy by other means' gives the same idea. Napoleon Bonaparte was a soldier and ruler, Quincy Wright wrote A Study of War, and 'Hugo Clausewitz' is not a real person, being a false variant of the right name. The answer is option A.

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126.

The United Nations Charter is mainly

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The United Nations Charter is devoted to a wide range of subjects, including peace, justice, freedom and economic and social rights, option C: it deals with the maintenance of peace and security, human rights, economic and social cooperation and the settlement of disputes. It is not largely concerned with human rights alone, it is not wholly concerned with the relations of states since it also names rights and social goals, and it is not about the rights and duties of great, medium and small powers.

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127.

International society tradition is also known as the

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The international society tradition is also known as the English School of International Relations, the school associated with Hedley Bull, Martin Wight and others, which holds that states form a society governed by common rules and institutions, between the realist state of war and the revolutionary community of mankind. It is not called the Anglo-American, European or Alternative school, so option B is the answer.

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128.

The US approach to the Cold War was originally set out in

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The United States approach to the Cold War was originally set out in the Truman Doctrine of 1947, which pledged American support to free peoples resisting subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure, and which began the policy of containment. The Marshall Plan (1948) was the economic recovery programme that followed, the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 concerned the Western Hemisphere, and the Nixon Doctrine of 1969 concerned Asian allies' own defence. The answer is option D.

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Direction for [ Question No: 129 To 129 ] :

Each of the following four items consist of two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).

129.

Assertion (A) : While declaring war on terrorism the US asserted that the states which were not on the side of the US were against it.

Reason (R) : In the wake of war on terrorism the US denied states the liberty to be neutral.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Both statements are true and the reason explains the assertion, so (A) is the keyed answer. When the United States declared its war on terrorism after the attacks of 2001, President Bush said that every nation had to decide whether it was with the United States or with the terrorists. That meant that a state could not stay neutral, which is what the reason states: the US denied states the liberty to be neutral. The reason is therefore the content of the assertion. Option (B) denies the link, and options (C) and (D) deny a true statement.

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130.

"Atoms for Peace" was a disarmament plan put forward by which world leader ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Atoms for Peace was a plan of Eisenhower.

President Dwight Eisenhower proposed Atoms for Peace in his speech to the UN General Assembly in December 1953, suggesting that nuclear materials be pooled for peaceful uses under an international agency.

Nehru, Khrushchev and Kennedy did not put forward this plan. The speech, delivered on 8 December 1953, led to the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1957, which is the body the plan proposed, and so Atoms for Peace is tied to the American President of that time.

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