International Relations Questions and Answers

101.

Hans Blix was head of U.N. body for

A.Peace-keeping operations in Somalia.
B.Inspecting places in Iraq for verification of Weapons of Mass Destruction.
C.Working modalities for the creation of NIEO.
D.Rebuilding war-torn Afghanistan

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Hans Blix was head of the U.N. body for inspecting places in Iraq to verify weapons of mass destruction. He led UNMOVIC, the U.N. Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission, from 2000 to 2003, and directed inspections in Iraq before the 2003 war.

Peacekeeping in Somalia is wrong because that was a separate mission. Working modalities for the New International Economic Order is wrong because it concerned a different set of negotiations. Rebuilding war-torn Afghanistan is wrong because that was handled by other U.N. bodies and not by him.

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102.

Nagorno Karabakh is a disputed territory between

A.Armenia and Azerbaizan
B.Georgia and Ukraine
C.Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan
D.Russian Federation and China

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Nagorno Karabakh is a disputed territory between Armenia and Azerbaijan. It is a mountainous region inside Azerbaijan populated mainly by ethnic Armenians, and a war over it followed the break-up of the Soviet Union, leaving a long-running conflict.

Georgia and Ukraine is wrong because the territory is not disputed between them. Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan is wrong because they are Central Asian neighbours without a claim to it. Russian Federation and China is wrong because the dispute is in the South Caucasus and does not involve them.

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103.

What is neo-realism ?

A.An attempt to ignore the unpleasant realities of the world.
B.An attempt to restate the basic ideas of realism in a more 'scientific' form.
C.A claim that international society is basically orderly and peaceful.
D.A claim that individual human nature is central to an understanding of international politics.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Neo-realism is an attempt to restate the basic ideas of realism in a more scientific form. Kenneth Waltz in Theory of International Politics (1979) explained state behaviour by the structure of the international system, an anarchy in which power is distributed among states, and not by human nature.

The option about ignoring unpleasant realities is wrong because that is the opposite. The option about an orderly and peaceful society is wrong because that is a liberal or English school claim. The option about human nature is wrong because it describes classical realism of Morgenthau.

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104.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes below :

List - I (Author)	List - II (Book)
a. Hedley Bull	i. Failed States
b. Noam Chomsky	ii. Conflict and Defense
c. Robert Kaplan	iii. Anarchial Society
d. Kenneth Boulding	iv. Monsoon

Codes : a b c d

A.iii i iv ii
B.ii iii i iv
C.i iv iii ii
D.iv ii i iii

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The correct matching is Hedley Bull with The Anarchical Society (iii), Noam Chomsky with Failed States (i), Robert Kaplan with Monsoon (iv) and Kenneth Boulding with Conflict and Defense (ii). The code is iii i iv ii.

Option (B) gives Bull Conflict and Defense. Option (C) gives him Failed States. Option (D) gives him Monsoon. Bull's The Anarchical Society (1977) is the fixed point in the matching.

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105.

Arrange the following international politics theorists in a chronological order from the codes given below :

(i) Reinhold Niebuhr
(ii) Immanuel Kant
(iii) Antonio Gramsci
(iv) Robert W. Cox
Codes :

A.(iii), (iv), (i), (ii)
B.(iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
C.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
D.(ii), (iii), (i), (iv)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The chronological order is Immanuel Kant, Antonio Gramsci, Reinhold Niebuhr and Robert W. Cox, which is option (D). Kant's Perpetual Peace is from 1795, Gramsci's Prison Notebooks were written between 1929 and 1935, Niebuhr's Moral Man and Immoral Society is from 1932, and Cox's essay on social forces, states and world orders is from 1981.

Option (A) begins with Gramsci and option (B) with Cox, the latest of the four, and option (C) places Niebuhr before Kant, which cannot be right.

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106.

What does RMA stand for ?

A.Revolution in Martial Affairs
B.Revolution in Military Affairs
C.Referendum in Military Affairs
D.Raison d'etat in Mass Administration

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

RMA stands for Revolution in Military Affairs. It refers to the idea that advances in technology, such as precision weapons, information systems and space assets, together with new doctrine, change the nature of warfare.

Revolution in Martial Affairs, Referendum in Military Affairs and Raison d'etat in Mass Administration are not accepted forms of the expansion. The other three are wrong because they are invented or confuse the words.

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107.

What does Raison d'etat mean ?

A.The national interest
B.The State ought to act reasonably at all times.
C.Citizens need to be given very good reasons for obeying the State.
D.Citizens should consume as many raisins as possible for a good and healthy life.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Raison d'etat means reason of state, and in the key it is rendered as the national interest. The idea is that the state's interest or survival is the guide of policy and may override other considerations.

The state ought to act reasonably at all times is wrong because it reads the phrase as reason in the ordinary sense. Citizens need good reasons for obeying is wrong because that is about political obligation. The option about eating raisins is a pun on the French word and has no meaning.

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108.

Why is reform of the Security Council problematic ?

A.Enlarging the permanent membership could impair decision making.
B.None of the existing permanent members are keen to give up their seats.
C.It is difficult to make an uncontroversial case for any of the potential new permanent members.
D.All of the above.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

All of the above. Reform of the Security Council is difficult because enlarging the permanent membership could impair decision making, because none of the existing permanent members wants to give up its seat or its veto, and because it is hard to make an uncontroversial case for any particular new permanent member.

Each of the first three options states one real obstacle, so none is wrong as a statement, but each is incomplete without the other two, which is why the combined option is right.

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109.

Structural adjustment programmes require that

A.Governments of poor countries should adopt privatization and other 'liberalizing' measures.
B.States with weak economies should redistribute more resources to the poor.
C.Governments of poor countries should knock down all ugly or dilapidated buildings.
D.Ministers in under-performing countries should go on diets and keep fit.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Structural adjustment programmes require that governments of poor countries adopt privatization and other liberalizing measures. They are conditions attached to loans from the IMF and the World Bank, and call for cuts in public spending, deregulation and opening of markets.

The option that weak states should redistribute more to the poor is wrong because the programmes usually cut state spending. The options about demolishing buildings and ministers going on diets are jokes and have no connection with these programmes.

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110.

Bandung Conference held in 1955 had the participation of representatives from

A.Twenty two Asian countries
B.Eighty Afro-Asian countries
C.Twenty six African countries
D.Twenty nine Afro-Asian countries

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The Bandung Conference of 1955 had the participation of twenty-nine Afro-Asian countries. Held in Indonesia, it brought Asian and African states together to oppose colonialism and promote cooperation, and it led to the Non-Aligned Movement.

Twenty two Asian countries is wrong because African states also took part. Eighty Afro-Asian countries is wrong because there were far fewer independent states then. Twenty six African countries is wrong because few African states were independent in 1955.

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