Networking Basics Questions and Answers

Q: IEEE 802.5 (the IBM token ring), is operating at .............. and ........... Mbps.

IEEE 802.5 token ring operates at 4 and 16 Mbps.The token ring standard, based on IBM's design, was specified at 4 Mbps and later at 16 Mbps. Stations pass a token around the ring, and only the holder may transmit.2, 32 and 64 Mbps are not the standard 802.5 rates (later high-speed token ring at 100 Mbps saw little use), so the other pairs are wrong.

Q: Which is the special bit pattern of flag byte in a frame ?

The flag byte is 01111110.Bit-oriented protocols such as HDLC and PPP mark the start and end of every frame with the flag 01111110 (hexadecimal 7E). Bit stuffing ensures this pattern never appears inside the data: the sender inserts a 0 after any five consecutive 1s.The other patterns are not used as frame delimiters; in particular they lack the six consecutive 1s that make the flag unique.

Q: What is the name of the protocol in which the sender sends one frame and then waits for an acknowledgement before proceeding ?

The protocol is stop and wait.In stop-and-wait, the sender transmits one frame and then waits for its acknowledgement before sending the next. It is simple but leaves the link idle while waiting, so it uses bandwidth poorly on long or fast links.Sliding window protocols, including Go-back-N, let the sender transmit several frames before an acknowledgement arrives. Piggybacking is the technique of carrying acknowledgements on outgoing data frames, not a protocol that sends one frame at a time.

Q: Why are IP addresses required even though MAC addresses are globally unique ?

IP addresses are needed because MAC addresses cannot be used for routing across networks.A MAC address is a flat identifier burned into a network card: it says which device it is but nothing about where the device is. Routers could only forward on MAC addresses by keeping an entry for every device in the world. An IP address is hierarchical, with a network part and a host part, so routers can aggregate millions of hosts into one prefix and forward by network. MAC addresses therefore work only within a single local network, and IP carries a packet between networks.Routers rewrite the MAC header at each hop, but that is a result of this design, not the reason for it, and they do not strip MACs 'permanently'. IP addresses are not 'faster', and MAC addresses do not expire.

Q: Why statistical multiplexing has higher efficiency ?

Statistical multiplexing is more efficient because it dynamically allocates bandwidth based on demand.In ordinary (synchronous) time-division multiplexing, every source owns fixed time slots, which go out empty whenever that source has nothing to send. Statistical multiplexing gives link capacity only to the sources that are actually transmitting, slot by slot or packet by packet, so idle users waste nothing and the link can serve more users than its capacity divided by each user's peak rate.Options B and D describe synchronous TDM, the less efficient scheme statistical multiplexing improves upon. Compression is a separate technique and is not what multiplexing does.

Q: Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing ?

Routing is the job of the Network Layer.The network layer (layer 3 of the OSI model) provides logical addressing, such as IP addresses, and chooses the path a packet takes from source to destination across interconnected networks. Routers are layer-3 devices.The data link layer (layer 2) moves frames between neighbouring nodes on one link, using MAC addresses. The transport layer (layer 4) gives end-to-end delivery between processes, with reliability and flow control in TCP. The application layer (layer 7) provides services such as HTTP and SMTP to user programs.

Q: To connect a computer with a device in the same room, you might be likely to use

You would most likely use a coaxial cable.For a device in the same room, a short cable run, such as a coaxial cable, is the simple and natural connection.A dedicated (leased) line connects distant sites through a carrier's network, and a ground station is used for satellite links. Both are for long distances, so they are not what you would use within a room, and 'All of the above' is therefore wrong.

Q: ______ is used to optimize the use of the channel capacity available in a network, to minimize the transmission latency and to increase robustness of communication.

The technique is packet switching.Packet switching breaks data into small packets that share the links with other traffic. Because no capacity is reserved and left idle, the channel is used efficiently; small packets reduce delay; and since each packet can take any available route, communication survives the failure of a link.Circuit switching reserves a fixed path for the whole call, wasting capacity when it is idle. Message switching stores and forwards whole messages, adding delay, and 'linear switching' is not a standard technique.

Q: If data link transmits 4000 frames per second, and each slot has 8 bits, the transmission rate of circuit this Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is

The transmission rate is 32 Kbps.In synchronous TDM each circuit gets one slot in every frame. With 4000 frames per second and 8 bits in each slot, the circuit carries\[ 4000 \times 8 = 32000\ \text{bits/s} = 32\ \text{Kbps} \]500 bps and 500 Kbps come from dividing instead of multiplying, and since 32 Kbps is offered, 'None of the mentioned above' is wrong.The general rule for synchronous TDM is: data rate of one channel = frames per second × bits per slot for that channel.

Q: Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for logical addressing and routing ?

Logical addressing and routing are the job of the Network Layer.The network layer (layer 3 of the OSI model) assigns logical addresses such as IP addresses and chooses routes for packets across interconnected networks; routers work at this layer.The transport layer provides end-to-end delivery, the data link layer handles physical (MAC) addressing within a network, and the application layer serves user applications.

41.

IEEE 802.5 (the IBM token ring), is operating at .............. and ........... Mbps.

A.2 and 4
B.4 and 16
C.16 and 32
D.32 and 64

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

IEEE 802.5 token ring operates at 4 and 16 Mbps.

The token ring standard, based on IBM's design, was specified at 4 Mbps and later at 16 Mbps. Stations pass a token around the ring, and only the holder may transmit.

2, 32 and 64 Mbps are not the standard 802.5 rates (later high-speed token ring at 100 Mbps saw little use), so the other pairs are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

42.

Which is the special bit pattern of flag byte in a frame ?

A.01010101
B.10110110
C.01111110
D.10011001

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: C

The flag byte is 01111110.

Bit-oriented protocols such as HDLC and PPP mark the start and end of every frame with the flag 01111110 (hexadecimal 7E). Bit stuffing ensures this pattern never appears inside the data: the sender inserts a 0 after any five consecutive 1s.

The other patterns are not used as frame delimiters; in particular they lack the six consecutive 1s that make the flag unique.

Discuss in Forum

43.

What is the name of the protocol in which the sender sends one frame and then waits for an acknowledgement before proceeding ?

A.Goback n
B.piggybacking
C.sliding window
D.stop and wait

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The protocol is stop and wait.

In stop-and-wait, the sender transmits one frame and then waits for its acknowledgement before sending the next. It is simple but leaves the link idle while waiting, so it uses bandwidth poorly on long or fast links.

Sliding window protocols, including Go-back-N, let the sender transmit several frames before an acknowledgement arrives. Piggybacking is the technique of carrying acknowledgements on outgoing data frames, not a protocol that sends one frame at a time.

Discuss in Forum

44.

Why are IP addresses required even though MAC addresses are globally unique ?

A.Routers strip MAC addresses permanently
B.IP addresses are faster
C.MAC addresses expire periodically
D.MAC addresses cannot be used for routing across networks

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2026,

Answer: D

IP addresses are needed because MAC addresses cannot be used for routing across networks.

A MAC address is a flat identifier burned into a network card: it says which device it is but nothing about where the device is. Routers could only forward on MAC addresses by keeping an entry for every device in the world. An IP address is hierarchical, with a network part and a host part, so routers can aggregate millions of hosts into one prefix and forward by network. MAC addresses therefore work only within a single local network, and IP carries a packet between networks.

Routers rewrite the MAC header at each hop, but that is a result of this design, not the reason for it, and they do not strip MACs 'permanently'. IP addresses are not 'faster', and MAC addresses do not expire.

Discuss in Forum

45.

Why statistical multiplexing has higher efficiency ?

A.It dynamically allocates bandwidth based on demand
B.It reserves bandwidth for each user even when they are not sending data
C.It compresses all data
D.It uses fixed time slots

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2026,

Answer: A

Statistical multiplexing is more efficient because it dynamically allocates bandwidth based on demand.

In ordinary (synchronous) time-division multiplexing, every source owns fixed time slots, which go out empty whenever that source has nothing to send. Statistical multiplexing gives link capacity only to the sources that are actually transmitting, slot by slot or packet by packet, so idle users waste nothing and the link can serve more users than its capacity divided by each user's peak rate.

Options B and D describe synchronous TDM, the less efficient scheme statistical multiplexing improves upon. Compression is a separate technique and is not what multiplexing does.

Discuss in Forum

46.

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing ?

A.Data Link Layer
B.Transport Layer
C.Network Layer
D.Application Layer

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2026,

Answer: C

Routing is the job of the Network Layer.

The network layer (layer 3 of the OSI model) provides logical addressing, such as IP addresses, and chooses the path a packet takes from source to destination across interconnected networks. Routers are layer-3 devices.

The data link layer (layer 2) moves frames between neighbouring nodes on one link, using MAC addresses. The transport layer (layer 4) gives end-to-end delivery between processes, with reliability and flow control in TCP. The application layer (layer 7) provides services such as HTTP and SMTP to user programs.

Discuss in Forum

47.

To connect a computer with a device in the same room, you might be likely to use

A.a dedicated line
B.a ground station
C.a coaxial cable
D.All of the above

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: C

You would most likely use a coaxial cable.

For a device in the same room, a short cable run, such as a coaxial cable, is the simple and natural connection.

A dedicated (leased) line connects distant sites through a carrier's network, and a ground station is used for satellite links. Both are for long distances, so they are not what you would use within a room, and 'All of the above' is therefore wrong.

Discuss in Forum

48.

______ is used to optimize the use of the channel capacity available in a network, to minimize the transmission latency and to increase robustness of communication.

A.Message switching
B.Linear switching
C.Circuit switching
D.Packet switching

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: D

The technique is packet switching.

Packet switching breaks data into small packets that share the links with other traffic. Because no capacity is reserved and left idle, the channel is used efficiently; small packets reduce delay; and since each packet can take any available route, communication survives the failure of a link.

Circuit switching reserves a fixed path for the whole call, wasting capacity when it is idle. Message switching stores and forwards whole messages, adding delay, and 'linear switching' is not a standard technique.

Discuss in Forum

49.

If data link transmits 4000 frames per second, and each slot has 8 bits, the transmission rate of circuit this Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is

A.32 Kbps
B.500 bps
C.500 Kbps
D.None of the mentioned above

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: A

The transmission rate is 32 Kbps.

In synchronous TDM each circuit gets one slot in every frame. With 4000 frames per second and 8 bits in each slot, the circuit carries

\[ 4000 \times 8 = 32000\ \text{bits/s} = 32\ \text{Kbps} \]

500 bps and 500 Kbps come from dividing instead of multiplying, and since 32 Kbps is offered, 'None of the mentioned above' is wrong.

The general rule for synchronous TDM is: data rate of one channel = frames per second × bits per slot for that channel.

Discuss in Forum

50.

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for logical addressing and routing ?

A.Transport Layer
B.Network Layer
C.Data Link Layer
D.Application Layer

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2025,

Answer: B

Logical addressing and routing are the job of the Network Layer.

The network layer (layer 3 of the OSI model) assigns logical addresses such as IP addresses and chooses routes for packets across interconnected networks; routers work at this layer.

The transport layer provides end-to-end delivery, the data link layer handles physical (MAC) addressing within a network, and the application layer serves user applications.

Discuss in Forum

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