Match the following :List IList II(a) Charred Documents(i) Normal deviations found between repeated specimens of an individual's handwriting or any printing device.(b) Exempler(ii) An authentic samples used for comparison purposes such as handwriting.(c) Natural Variations(iii) A property exhibited by some dyes that emit IR light when exposed to blue-green light.(d) Infrared Luminescence(iv) Any document that has become darkened and brittle through exposure to fire or excessive heat.Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d)

The correct matching is a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii.Charred documents are documents darkened and made brittle by fire or excessive heat (iv).An exemplar (printed 'Exempler') is an authentic sample used for comparison, such as known handwriting (ii).Natural variations are the normal deviations between repeated specimens of a person's writing or a printing device (i).Infrared luminescence is the property of some dyes of emitting infrared light when illuminated with blue-green light (iii).Only the third code gives (iv), (ii), (i), (iii).

Questioned Documents Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following is considered individual characteristics of a photocopy ?

The individual characteristics of a photocopy are trash marks.Trash marks are extraneous marks, such as specks, spots and lines, produced by dirt, scratches or defects on the glass platen, the drum or the lid of a particular photocopier. They repeat on every copy made on that machine until it is cleaned or repaired, so they can link a copy to a specific machine and period of time.The other terms are not the standard name for these marks; features such as the general toner type and image quality are class characteristics shared by many machines.

Q: Kromekote paper method is used in which of the following ?

The Kromekote method is used for determining sequence of intersecting strokes.In the Kromekote lift technique, a piece of glossy, coated Kromekote paper is moistened and pressed onto the point where two ink lines cross. Some ink lifts onto the paper, and the lifted image shows which line is continuous at the crossing, that is, which stroke was written last and lies on top.Indented writing is deciphered with an electrostatic detection apparatus (ESDA) or oblique lighting, erased writing with ultraviolet, infrared and oblique light, and secret writing with chemical developers or heat.

Q: CEDAR-FOX is an example of :

CEDAR-FOX is a system for handwriting identification.CEDAR-FOX was developed at the Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition (CEDAR), University at Buffalo, New York. It is a computer system for forensic document examination: it extracts features from scanned handwriting and gives a measure of how likely two samples are to have been written by the same person.It has no role in firearm, animal or hair identification. Firearm comparison uses separate systems, such as the Integrated Ballistic Identification System.

Q: "Drop-on-demand" and "continuous drop" are the examples of which of the following printing technology ?

Drop-on-demand and continuous drop are types of inkjet printing.Inkjet printers form characters by propelling tiny droplets of ink onto paper. In continuous inkjet, a stream of drops is generated continuously and unwanted drops are deflected electrostatically into a gutter, a method used in industrial marking. In drop-on-demand, a drop is ejected only when needed, by a heated element forming a bubble (thermal inkjet) or by a piezoelectric crystal.Dot-matrix printers strike an inked ribbon with pins, thermal printers heat special paper or a ribbon, and laser printers fuse toner powder. None of them uses drops of ink, which matters in questioned document work because each technology leaves its own characteristic marks.

Q: EMV in view of credit card is :

EMV is the standard for chip-based cards.EMV, named after Europay, Mastercard and Visa, which developed it, is the global technical standard for payment cards with an embedded integrated circuit chip and for the terminals that accept them. The chip generates a unique cryptogram for each transaction, which makes the card far harder to clone than a magnetic-stripe card, whose static data can be skimmed and copied.Magnetic-stripe cards follow older ISO standards, RAID is a data storage technology unrelated to cards, and there is no 'electrostatic card' standard. In India the RBI required banks to replace magnetic-stripe cards with EMV chip cards by the end of 2018.

Q: Sinistrality means :

Sinistrality means left-handedness.The word comes from the Latin sinister, left. Dextrality, from dexter, right, is right-handedness, and ambidexterity is the ability to use both hands equally well. Handedness is of forensic interest because it can sometimes be inferred from the direction and position of wounds, from handwriting, or from the use of tools and weapons.'Hyodactylic' is not an established term for handedness.

Q: Indented writing means :

Indented writing means sub-surface impressions.When someone writes on a sheet of paper resting on others, the pressure of the pen leaves colourless impressions, indentations, on the sheets underneath. These can reveal what was written on a missing page. They are recovered by oblique lighting, which casts shadows in the grooves, or more sensitively by an electrostatic detection apparatus (ESDA), which can reveal indentations several sheets down.Invisible writing uses secret inks, coding is encryption of content, and marginal writing is writing in the margin. None is the same as indentations left by pressure.

Q: Which of the following is a principal sign of disguise ?

The key's principal sign of disguise is lack of internal consistency.A writer disguising his own handwriting tries to change features such as slant, size or letter forms, but cannot keep up the changes consistently. Habitual forms creep back, so the same letter appears in different forms within one document, and the deliberate changes are applied unevenly. This internal inconsistency is the hallmark examiners look for in disguised writing.Poor rhythm, poor line quality (tremor, blunt starts and stops) and slow writing are classic signs of simulation or tracing, that is, forgery of another person's writing, where the writer carefully copies an unfamiliar model.

Q: Paper making process was introduced around the year 1150 in :

Paper making was introduced around 1150 in Spain.The craft travelled from China through the Islamic world, and Europe's first known paper mill was set up by the Moors at Xativa (Jativa), near Valencia, around 1150. From Spain it spread to Italy, where Fabriano became a centre in the late thirteenth century, and then to France and Germany.Italy, France and Germany therefore all took up paper making later than Spain. For a document examiner, this history matters when a paper's supposed date is tested against its manufacture.

21.

Which of the following is considered individual characteristics of a photocopy ?

A.Splash marks
B.Trash marks
C.Bleak marks
D.Crimp marks

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The individual characteristics of a photocopy are trash marks.

Trash marks are extraneous marks, such as specks, spots and lines, produced by dirt, scratches or defects on the glass platen, the drum or the lid of a particular photocopier. They repeat on every copy made on that machine until it is cleaned or repaired, so they can link a copy to a specific machine and period of time.

The other terms are not the standard name for these marks; features such as the general toner type and image quality are class characteristics shared by many machines.

Discuss in Forum

22.

Kromekote paper method is used in which of the following ?

A.Determining sequence of intersecting strokes
B.Deciphering indented writings
C.Deciphering erased writings
D.Deciphering secret writings

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

The Kromekote method is used for determining sequence of intersecting strokes.

In the Kromekote lift technique, a piece of glossy, coated Kromekote paper is moistened and pressed onto the point where two ink lines cross. Some ink lifts onto the paper, and the lifted image shows which line is continuous at the crossing, that is, which stroke was written last and lies on top.

Indented writing is deciphered with an electrostatic detection apparatus (ESDA) or oblique lighting, erased writing with ultraviolet, infrared and oblique light, and secret writing with chemical developers or heat.

Discuss in Forum

23.

CEDAR-FOX is an example of :

A.Systems for indentification of firearms
B.Systems for handwriting identification
C.Systems for indentification of animals
D.Systems for identification of hair

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

CEDAR-FOX is a system for handwriting identification.

CEDAR-FOX was developed at the Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition (CEDAR), University at Buffalo, New York. It is a computer system for forensic document examination: it extracts features from scanned handwriting and gives a measure of how likely two samples are to have been written by the same person.

It has no role in firearm, animal or hair identification. Firearm comparison uses separate systems, such as the Integrated Ballistic Identification System.

Discuss in Forum

24.

"Drop-on-demand" and "continuous drop" are the examples of which of the following printing technology ?

A.Dot-matrix
B.Thermal
C.Inkjet
D.Laser

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

Drop-on-demand and continuous drop are types of inkjet printing.

Inkjet printers form characters by propelling tiny droplets of ink onto paper. In continuous inkjet, a stream of drops is generated continuously and unwanted drops are deflected electrostatically into a gutter, a method used in industrial marking. In drop-on-demand, a drop is ejected only when needed, by a heated element forming a bubble (thermal inkjet) or by a piezoelectric crystal.

Dot-matrix printers strike an inked ribbon with pins, thermal printers heat special paper or a ribbon, and laser printers fuse toner powder. None of them uses drops of ink, which matters in questioned document work because each technology leaves its own characteristic marks.

Discuss in Forum

25.

EMV in view of credit card is :

A.Standard for chip based card
B.Standard for RAID based card
C.Standard for magnetic stripe based card
D.Standard for electrostatic card

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

EMV is the standard for chip-based cards.

EMV, named after Europay, Mastercard and Visa, which developed it, is the global technical standard for payment cards with an embedded integrated circuit chip and for the terminals that accept them. The chip generates a unique cryptogram for each transaction, which makes the card far harder to clone than a magnetic-stripe card, whose static data can be skimmed and copied.

Magnetic-stripe cards follow older ISO standards, RAID is a data storage technology unrelated to cards, and there is no 'electrostatic card' standard. In India the RBI required banks to replace magnetic-stripe cards with EMV chip cards by the end of 2018.

Discuss in Forum

26.

Sinistrality means :

A.An ambidextrous individual
B.Right handedness
C.Left handedness
D.Hyodactylic individual

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

Sinistrality means left-handedness.

The word comes from the Latin sinister, left. Dextrality, from dexter, right, is right-handedness, and ambidexterity is the ability to use both hands equally well. Handedness is of forensic interest because it can sometimes be inferred from the direction and position of wounds, from handwriting, or from the use of tools and weapons.

'Hyodactylic' is not an established term for handedness.

Discuss in Forum

27.

Indented writing means :

A.Invisible writing
B.Coding
C.Marginal writing
D.Sub-surface impressions

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: D

Indented writing means sub-surface impressions.

When someone writes on a sheet of paper resting on others, the pressure of the pen leaves colourless impressions, indentations, on the sheets underneath. These can reveal what was written on a missing page. They are recovered by oblique lighting, which casts shadows in the grooves, or more sensitively by an electrostatic detection apparatus (ESDA), which can reveal indentations several sheets down.

Invisible writing uses secret inks, coding is encryption of content, and marginal writing is writing in the margin. None is the same as indentations left by pressure.

Discuss in Forum

28.

Which of the following is a principal sign of disguise ?

A.Poor rhythm
B.Lack of internal consistencies
C.Poor line quality
D.Slowly executed writings

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: B

The key's principal sign of disguise is lack of internal consistency.

A writer disguising his own handwriting tries to change features such as slant, size or letter forms, but cannot keep up the changes consistently. Habitual forms creep back, so the same letter appears in different forms within one document, and the deliberate changes are applied unevenly. This internal inconsistency is the hallmark examiners look for in disguised writing.

Poor rhythm, poor line quality (tremor, blunt starts and stops) and slow writing are classic signs of simulation or tracing, that is, forgery of another person's writing, where the writer carefully copies an unfamiliar model.

Discuss in Forum

29.

Match the following :

List I	List II
(a) Charred Documents	(i) Normal deviations found between repeated specimens of an individual's handwriting or any printing device.
(b) Exempler	(ii) An authentic samples used for comparison purposes such as handwriting.
(c) Natural Variations	(iii) A property exhibited by some dyes that emit IR light when exposed to blue-green light.
(d) Infrared Luminescence	(iv) Any document that has become darkened and brittle through exposure to fire or excessive heat.

Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d)

A.(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
B.(iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
C.(iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
D.(iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

The correct matching is a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii.

Charred documents are documents darkened and made brittle by fire or excessive heat (iv).
An exemplar (printed 'Exempler') is an authentic sample used for comparison, such as known handwriting (ii).
Natural variations are the normal deviations between repeated specimens of a person's writing or a printing device (i).
Infrared luminescence is the property of some dyes of emitting infrared light when illuminated with blue-green light (iii).

Only the third code gives (iv), (ii), (i), (iii).

Discuss in Forum

30.

Paper making process was introduced around the year 1150 in :

A.Spain
B.Italy
C.France
D.Germany

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

Paper making was introduced around 1150 in Spain.

The craft travelled from China through the Islamic world, and Europe's first known paper mill was set up by the Moors at Xativa (Jativa), near Valencia, around 1150. From Spain it spread to Italy, where Fabriano became a centre in the late thirteenth century, and then to France and Germany.

Italy, France and Germany therefore all took up paper making later than Spain. For a document examiner, this history matters when a paper's supposed date is tested against its manufacture.

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