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Questioned Documents Questions and Answers

61.

The most suitable solvent system for thin layer chromatography/paper chromatography of inks is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The most suitable solvent system for thin layer or paper chromatography of inks is n-butanol : pyridine : water (3 : 1 : 1.5). The polar mixture separates the dyes of ink well.

The other mixtures, built on amyl alcohol, acetic acid with chloroform or pyridine, and on ethanol with acetone, are listed as less suitable by the key. Mixed solvents like this one work because the polar solvents (butanol, pyridine and water) carry the water-soluble dyes of ballpoint and fountain pen inks at different rates up the plate, so the dyes separate into bands whose colour and distance can be compared between a questioned and a known ink.

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62.

The following is the most acceptable method for revealing indented writing :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The most acceptable method for revealing indented writing is ESDA, the electrostatic detection apparatus. It lifts the impressions onto a charged film and develops them with toner without harming the paper.

Oblique lighting and intense lighting are simple methods that can show deep impressions only. Rubbing with a pencil lead damages the document and is not acceptable for evidence. It is non-destructive and sensitive, so it can reveal impressions left on a page by writing on a sheet that was above it, even after the top sheet has gone, which makes it the accepted method.

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63.

Copy prepared by superimposing the document is called :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

A copy prepared by superimposing the document on the original, so that the outline is traced through, is a traced forgery. The forger places the genuine writing under or over the paper and follows the lines with a pencil or a pen, or by transmitted light. A simulated forgery is the one made by copying the model by free hand, printed as free tend forgery in option C, and it is not made by superimposing. Asymmetrical forgery is not the name of this type. So A is correct.

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64.

The writing on charred document can be restored by :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The writing on a charred document can be restored by infrared photography. Burnt paper is black in visible light, but the ink and the paper reflect and absorb infrared radiation differently, so the writing may show up when photographed with infrared film or a filter. Reflected visible light and ultraviolet rays do not give the contrast needed on carbonised paper. So C is correct and D is wrong.

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65.

Match the following in case of deciphering of secret writings :

List - IList - II
a. Soapi. heat
b. Milkii. ferric compounds
c. Sodium Chlorideiii. water
d. Potassium thiocyanateiv. silver nitrate

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

In deciphering secret writings, soap writing is developed with water (a-iii), milk is developed by heat (b-i), sodium chloride is developed with silver nitrate (c-iv), and potassium thiocyanate is developed with ferric compounds (d-ii). That gives iii, i, iv, ii, option A. Options B, C and D pair milk with water or silver nitrate, or soap with silver nitrate or ferric compounds, so they are wrong.

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66.

The following is most likely to develop individual characteristics when it is used a lot :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Typewriting is most likely to develop individual characteristics when it is used a lot. The type faces of a typewriter wear, bend and get out of alignment with use, so each machine produces its own defects that can be matched with a document. Ink jet, dot matrix and laser jet printers have less of this wear from use in the printed characters. So A is correct. A typewriter has a fixed type face for each letter, and with long use these faces wear, get dirty or are damaged, and the alignment of the letters on the line changes. These defects are repeated on every page the machine types and so serve as the individual characteristics by which a document may be tied to one typewriter.

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67.

Assertion (A) : For comparison purpose of handwriting non-request standards are also desirable.

Reason (R) : They are free of intentional disguise.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Both statements are true and the key is A. For the comparison of handwriting, non-request standards, the writing made in the ordinary course of business and not for the case, are desirable, because they are free of intentional disguise, which is the claim of the reason. Options B, C and D call one or both of the statements false. The reason is the very thing that makes non-request writing useful. A writer asked to write for a case may disguise the hand deliberately, while the writing made earlier in the course of business was made without any thought of the dispute, so it is a safer basis for the comparison. For that reason both the assertion and the reason are true, and A is correct.

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68.

Signatures on cheques, drivers license and other official documents are examples of :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Signatures on cheques, drivers license and other official documents are examples of non-request writings, that is, writings made in the ordinary course of business before the matter came into dispute and not at the request of the investigator. Request writings are those given when the writer is asked to write for the case. An exhibit is any item produced in a court. So B is correct and D is wrong.

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69.

In handwriting, a short initial or terminal stroke is called :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

In handwriting, a short initial or terminal stroke is called a spur. A hook is a curved stroke at the end, a hiatus is a gap or break in the writing, and a staff is the vertical stroke of a letter such as b or d. So C is correct. The other terms describe different features: a hook is a curved ending, a hiatus is a gap within a letter or between letters, and a staff is the straight upright part of a letter, so the question is answered by the stroke that is short and placed at the start or end of a letter. Examiners note such strokes because their form and direction are habits of the writer and help in comparing a questioned writing with known samples.

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70.

The most suitable technique for liquid ink individualization is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The most suitable technique for the individualisation of liquid ink is thin layer chromatography, option B. TLC separates the dyes of an ink into spots with different Rf values, which gives a pattern that can be compared with the ink of the questioned document. Reflected light examination (A), microscopic examination (C) and short wave ultraviolet light (D) show the appearance of the ink but are less able to separate its components.

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