World History Questions and Answers

Q: Who wrote the "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality" ?

The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality was written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau.Rousseau wrote it in 1754 for an essay competition of the Academy of Dijon, and it was published in 1755. It argues that people in the state of nature were free and roughly equal, and that inequality grew with private property and organised society. Its ideas led on to his Social Contract (1762).Voltaire is known for Candide and his attacks on religious intolerance, Montesquieu for The Spirit of the Laws and the separation of powers, and John Locke for the Two Treatises of Government. None of them wrote this discourse.

Q: Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov was popularly known as

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov was known as Lenin.Ulyanov adopted the pseudonym Lenin around 1901 while working as a revolutionary writer in exile. He led the Bolshevik faction, organised the October Revolution of 1917 and became the first head of the Soviet government.Stalin was the pseudonym of a different man, Joseph Dzhugashvili, who succeeded Lenin. Leon Trotsky was the pseudonym of Lev Bronstein, who led the Red Army, and Alexander Kerensky headed the Provisional Government that the Bolsheviks overthrew.

Q: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed between which counties ?

The treaty was signed between Russia and the Central Powers.The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed on 3 March 1918, took Soviet Russia out of the First World War. The Bolshevik government made peace with the Central Powers, namely Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, and gave up large territories including Poland, the Baltic lands and Ukraine.The other options name members of the Central Powers paired with the Allies, which describes the later peace treaties: Versailles with Germany, Sevres with Turkey and Neuilly with Bulgaria. The treaty was annulled after Germany's defeat in November 1918.

Q: Name the two German representatives who were forced to append their signatures on the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 ?

The two signatories were Müller and Bell.On 28 June 1919, in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, Germany's Foreign Minister Hermann Müller and Transport (Colonial) Minister Johannes Bell signed the treaty for the new Weimar Republic. Germany had not been allowed to negotiate the terms and signed under the threat of renewed war, which is why the paper says they were forced to sign.The other pairs are not the German signatories; 'Ludwig and Max', 'Fritz and Felix Graf' and 'Gunther and Hermann' are only common German first names placed as distractors.

Q: Operation Barbarossa was the code name for the invasion on which country ?

Operation Barbarossa was the invasion of the USSR.Nazi Germany and its allies attacked the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, breaking the Molotov-Ribbentrop non-aggression pact of 1939. The operation, named after the medieval emperor Frederick Barbarossa, was the largest invasion in history; it stalled before Moscow in December 1941 and opened the Eastern Front.Germany was the invader, not the target. Japan was Germany's ally, and France had already been defeated by Germany in 1940 in a campaign with a different code name (Fall Gelb).

Q: From July 17 to August 2, 1945, leaders from the Allied nations met at the Potsdam Conference to decide the sanctions to be put in place against the recently defeated Nazi Germany. During the conference, the decision was made that certain industries in Germany would be

Certain industries were to be disabled in order to destroy potential for war.At Potsdam, Truman, Stalin and Churchill (replaced by Attlee during the conference) agreed on the principles of demilitarisation, denazification, democratisation and decentralisation for occupied Germany. Industry that could be used for war production was to be eliminated or strictly controlled, and plant and equipment could be removed as reparations.The conference did not aim to restore German industry, so 'revitalized' is the opposite of the decision. Germany as a whole was placed under the four occupying powers, but the decision about industry was to dismantle its war potential, and nothing was said about pre-World War I levels.

Q: Black Death was an epidemic of Plague that killed millions of people in Europe in the ................... century.

The Black Death struck Europe in the Fourteenth century.The pandemic of bubonic plague reached Europe in 1347 through Mediterranean ports and spread across the continent by 1351, killing an estimated third or more of the population. The labour shortage that followed shook the manorial system and helped provoke revolts such as the English Peasants' Revolt of 1381.The thirteenth century came before the outbreak, and the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries saw recurring but smaller plague epidemics, not the Black Death itself.

Q: Apartheid is related to ................. .

Apartheid is related to Racial discrimination.Apartheid ('apartness' in Afrikaans) was the system of racial segregation enforced by law in South Africa from 1948 to the early 1990s. It classified people by race and kept the non-white majority apart and subordinate in residence, education, employment and political rights, until it was dismantled and Nelson Mandela was elected President in 1994.It was founded on race, not on gender, on the rural-urban divide, or on religion.

Q: During the cold war, which was the first test of strength between USA and USSR ?

The first test of strength was the Berlin Blockade.In June 1948 the Soviet Union cut off road, rail and canal access to the western sectors of Berlin to force the Western powers out of the city. The United States and Britain responded with the Berlin Airlift, flying supplies in until the USSR lifted the blockade in May 1949. It was the first major confrontation of the Cold War and led to the formation of NATO and the division of Germany.The Korean War began later, in 1950, and the Cuban Missile Crisis came in 1962. The Polish question was a point of tension at the end of the war, but not a direct test of strength between the two powers.

31.

Who wrote the "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality" ?

A.Voltaire
B.Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C.Montesquieu
D.Locke

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2018,

Answer: B

The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality was written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Rousseau wrote it in 1754 for an essay competition of the Academy of Dijon, and it was published in 1755. It argues that people in the state of nature were free and roughly equal, and that inequality grew with private property and organised society. Its ideas led on to his Social Contract (1762).

Voltaire is known for Candide and his attacks on religious intolerance, Montesquieu for The Spirit of the Laws and the separation of powers, and John Locke for the Two Treatises of Government. None of them wrote this discourse.

Discuss in Forum

32.

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov was popularly known as

A.Stalin
B.Lenin
C.Kerensky
D.Leon Trotsky

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2018,

Answer: B

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov was known as Lenin.

Ulyanov adopted the pseudonym Lenin around 1901 while working as a revolutionary writer in exile. He led the Bolshevik faction, organised the October Revolution of 1917 and became the first head of the Soviet government.

Stalin was the pseudonym of a different man, Joseph Dzhugashvili, who succeeded Lenin. Leon Trotsky was the pseudonym of Lev Bronstein, who led the Red Army, and Alexander Kerensky headed the Provisional Government that the Bolsheviks overthrew.

Discuss in Forum

33.

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed between which counties ?

A.Russia and the Central Powers
B.Germany and the Allied Powers
C.Turkey and the Allied Powers
D.Bulgaria and the Allied Powers

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2018,

Answer: A

The treaty was signed between Russia and the Central Powers.

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed on 3 March 1918, took Soviet Russia out of the First World War. The Bolshevik government made peace with the Central Powers, namely Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, and gave up large territories including Poland, the Baltic lands and Ukraine.

The other options name members of the Central Powers paired with the Allies, which describes the later peace treaties: Versailles with Germany, Sevres with Turkey and Neuilly with Bulgaria. The treaty was annulled after Germany's defeat in November 1918.

Discuss in Forum

34.

Name the two German representatives who were forced to append their signatures on the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 ?

A.Müller and Bell
B.Ludwig and Max
C.Fritz and Felix Graf
D.Gunther and Hermann

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2018,

Answer: A

The two signatories were Müller and Bell.

On 28 June 1919, in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, Germany's Foreign Minister Hermann Müller and Transport (Colonial) Minister Johannes Bell signed the treaty for the new Weimar Republic. Germany had not been allowed to negotiate the terms and signed under the threat of renewed war, which is why the paper says they were forced to sign.

The other pairs are not the German signatories; 'Ludwig and Max', 'Fritz and Felix Graf' and 'Gunther and Hermann' are only common German first names placed as distractors.

Discuss in Forum

35.

Operation Barbarossa was the code name for the invasion on which country ?

A.Germany
B.Japan
C.France
D.USSR

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2018,

Answer: D

Operation Barbarossa was the invasion of the USSR.

Nazi Germany and its allies attacked the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, breaking the Molotov-Ribbentrop non-aggression pact of 1939. The operation, named after the medieval emperor Frederick Barbarossa, was the largest invasion in history; it stalled before Moscow in December 1941 and opened the Eastern Front.

Germany was the invader, not the target. Japan was Germany's ally, and France had already been defeated by Germany in 1940 in a campaign with a different code name (Fall Gelb).

Discuss in Forum

36.

What important influence did John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire have on the United States ?

A.They were Europeans who came to help the Americans fight the British in the Revolution.
B.They were European political thinkers who influenced the ideas of American leaders at the time of the Revolution.
C.They were Europeans whose inventions sparked the American Industrial Revolution around 1800.
D.They were European philosophers who met with Thomas Jefferson to draft the Declaration of Independence.

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2021,

Answer: B

They were European political thinkers who influenced the ideas of American leaders at the time of the Revolution.

Locke's natural rights to life, liberty and property and his idea of government by consent, Montesquieu's separation of powers, Rousseau's social contract and popular sovereignty, and Voltaire's defence of free speech and religious tolerance shaped the Declaration of Independence of 1776 and the Constitution of 1787.

None of them came to fight in the Revolution (that describes figures such as Lafayette), none was an inventor, and none met Jefferson to draft the Declaration; Locke had died in 1704, and Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau were all dead by 1778.

Discuss in Forum

37.

From July 17 to August 2, 1945, leaders from the Allied nations met at the Potsdam Conference to decide the sanctions to be put in place against the recently defeated Nazi Germany. During the conference, the decision was made that certain industries in Germany would be

A.brought back to their pre-World War I levels.
B.governed by the forces occupying the country.
C.disabled in order to destroy potential for war.
D.revitalized because the war had damaged them.

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2021,

Answer: C

Certain industries were to be disabled in order to destroy potential for war.

At Potsdam, Truman, Stalin and Churchill (replaced by Attlee during the conference) agreed on the principles of demilitarisation, denazification, democratisation and decentralisation for occupied Germany. Industry that could be used for war production was to be eliminated or strictly controlled, and plant and equipment could be removed as reparations.

The conference did not aim to restore German industry, so 'revitalized' is the opposite of the decision. Germany as a whole was placed under the four occupying powers, but the decision about industry was to dismantle its war potential, and nothing was said about pre-World War I levels.

Discuss in Forum

38.

Black Death was an epidemic of Plague that killed millions of people in Europe in the ................... century.

A.Thirteenth
B.Fourteenth
C.Fifteenth
D.Sixteenth

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The Black Death struck Europe in the Fourteenth century.

The pandemic of bubonic plague reached Europe in 1347 through Mediterranean ports and spread across the continent by 1351, killing an estimated third or more of the population. The labour shortage that followed shook the manorial system and helped provoke revolts such as the English Peasants' Revolt of 1381.

The thirteenth century came before the outbreak, and the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries saw recurring but smaller plague epidemics, not the Black Death itself.

Discuss in Forum

39.

Apartheid is related to ................. .

A.Gender discrimination
B.Rural-Urban discrimination
C.Racial discrimination
D.Religious discrimination

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

Apartheid is related to Racial discrimination.

Apartheid ('apartness' in Afrikaans) was the system of racial segregation enforced by law in South Africa from 1948 to the early 1990s. It classified people by race and kept the non-white majority apart and subordinate in residence, education, employment and political rights, until it was dismantled and Nelson Mandela was elected President in 1994.

It was founded on race, not on gender, on the rural-urban divide, or on religion.

Discuss in Forum

40.

During the cold war, which was the first test of strength between USA and USSR ?

A.The Korean Issue
B.Berlin Blockade
C.Polish Crisis
D.Cuban Missile Crisis

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The first test of strength was the Berlin Blockade.

In June 1948 the Soviet Union cut off road, rail and canal access to the western sectors of Berlin to force the Western powers out of the city. The United States and Britain responded with the Berlin Airlift, flying supplies in until the USSR lifted the blockade in May 1949. It was the first major confrontation of the Cold War and led to the formation of NATO and the division of Germany.

The Korean War began later, in 1950, and the Cuban Missile Crisis came in 1962. The Polish question was a point of tension at the end of the war, but not a direct test of strength between the two powers.

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