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Syllogisms Questions and Answers

Important Instructions
21.

The question given below has a set of three or four statements. Each set of statements is further divided into three segments. Choose the alternative where the third segment in the statement can be logically deduced using both the preceding two, but not just from one of them.

Statement -

A. All beggars are poor. All lions are poor. So, all lions are beggars.
B. All people are boxes. All foxes are people. So, all boxes are foxes.
C. All men can run. All women are men. So, all women can run.

Answer: C

Correct answer: C

In C the middle term is properly distributed: all women are men and all men can run, so all women can run - the third segment does follow from the two before it. In A and B the middle term appears as a predicate in both premises, which proves nothing: two classes both contained in a third need not overlap.

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22.

The question given below has a set of three or four statements. Each set of statements is further divided into three segments. Choose the alternative where the third segment in the statement can be logically deduced using both the preceding two, but not just from one of them.

Statement -

I. Some pens are books.
II. All temples are books.
III. Some libraries are temples.

Conclusion -

I. Some libraries are pens.
II. Some pens are temples.
III. Some libraries are books.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Only III follows

Some libraries are temples and all temples are books, so some libraries are books - conclusion III. Conclusions I and II both try to reach pens, and the only statement about pens is a particular one, which cannot carry a conclusion. Only III follows.

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23.

Statements:

I. Some books are texts.

II. Some texts are copies.

Conclusions:

I. Some books are copies.

II. All copies are text.

Answer: D

Correct answer: If neither conclusion I nor II follows

Both statements are particular, and the texts that are books need not be the texts that are copies, so nothing links books to copies. Conclusion II makes a universal out of a particular. Neither follows.

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24.

Statements:

I. Some leaves are vacations.

II. No vacation is holiday.

Conclusions:

I. Some vacations are leaves.

II. No leave is holiday.

Answer: A

Correct answer: If only conclusion I follows

Some leaves are vacations gives its converse, some vacations are leaves - conclusion I. Conclusion II excludes every leave from holidays, whereas only the vacations are excluded, and some leaves may be neither. Only I follows.

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25.

In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement

I. Every photograph is a portrait.
II. Every portrait is an artwork.

Conclusion

I. Every photograph is an artwork.
II. Some artworks are portraits.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Both I and II follow

Every photograph is a portrait and every portrait an artwork, so every photograph is an artwork - conclusion I. And since every portrait is an artwork, some artworks are portraits - conclusion II, the converse. Both follow.

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26.

Statements:

I. No point is a brake.

II. No catch is a brake.

Conclusions:

I. Some points are not catches.

II. Some brakes are catches.

Answer: D

Correct answer: If neither conclusion I nor II follows

Both statements are negative - no point is a brake, no catch is a brake - and from two negatives nothing follows. Conclusion II even contradicts the second statement. Neither follows.

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27.

In the question given below consists of five or six statements followed by options consisting of three statements put together in a specific order. Choose the option which indicates a valid argument containing logically related statements that is, where the third statement is conclusion drawn from preceding two statements.

Statement -

A. No apple is a door.
B. All poles are doors.
C. No pole is an apple.
D. Some poles are not apples.
E. Some apples are poles.
F. Some doors are not apples.

Answer: A

Correct answer: ABC

Taking A and B as the premises: no apple is a door, and all poles are doors. Anything that is a pole is therefore a door, and no door is an apple - so no pole is an apple, which is C. The other orders offered put a conclusion among the premises or draw more than the premises allow.

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28.

Statements: Some cars are jeeps. All the boxes are jeeps. All the pens are cars.

Conclusions:

1. Some cars are boxes.

2. No pen is jeep.

3. Some boxes are cars.

Answer: A

Correct answer: None of three

Conclusions 1 and 3 link cars with boxes, which are joined only through jeeps as a predicate in both statements - an undistributed middle. Conclusion 2 denies any pen being a jeep, whereas all pens are cars and some cars are jeeps, so nothing of the kind follows. None of the three follows.

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29.

Statements:

I. Some peace are wars.

II. No war is an alliance.

Conclusions:

I. No peace is alliance.

II. At least some peace are alliances.

Answer: C

Correct answer: If either conclusion I or II follows

Neither conclusion is established: the peace that are wars are certainly not alliances, but the rest of peace is left open, so we can say neither that no peace is an alliance nor that some are. The two between them, however, cover both possibilities, so either I or II must hold.

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30.

The question given below has a set of three or four statements. Each set of statements is further divided into three segments. Choose the alternative where the third segment in the statement can be logically deduced using both the preceding two, but not just from one of them.

Statement -

I. All snakes are idiots.
II. Some idiots are people.
III. All people are soft.

Conclusion -

I. Some idiots are not snakes.
II. Some people are snakes.
III. Some soft are idiots.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Only III follows

Some idiots are people and all people are soft, so some idiots are soft - that is, some soft are idiots, conclusion III. Conclusion I asserts idiots who are not snakes, which need not exist, and conclusion II links people to snakes through a particular. Only III follows.

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