Educational Studies Questions and Answers

Q: The ............... of formation of social movement can also be called as 'The Unrest Stage'.

The unrest stage is the Preliminary stage.In Herbert Blumer's classic account, a social movement passes through four stages: the preliminary stage of social unrest, when people feel a vague dissatisfaction and agitators voice it; the popular stage, when the unrest becomes collective excitement around a shared cause; the formalisation stage, when an organisation with leaders, rules and strategy appears; and the stage of institutionalisation, when the movement becomes an established part of society.Unrest is the starting condition, so it names the first stage and none of the later ones, which already assume organised collective action.

Q: ............................ is known as founder of Sociology.

The founder of Sociology is Auguste Comte.The French thinker Auguste Comte coined the word 'sociologie' in his Course of Positive Philosophy (1830-42) and proposed a positive science of society based on observation, with social statics and social dynamics as its branches. He is therefore called the father of sociology.Herbert Spencer developed an evolutionary sociology a generation later, Karl Marx founded the conflict tradition with his analysis of class and capital, and Charles Darwin was a naturalist whose theory of evolution influenced, but did not found, the discipline.

Q: In Islam, Ulum Naqliyya deals with ...................................

Ulum Naqliyya deals with the interpretation of holy Qur'an.Medieval Islamic scholarship divided knowledge into two groups. Al-ulum al-naqliyya, the transmitted or revealed sciences, rest on the Qur'an and the tradition of the Prophet: Qur'anic exegesis (tafsir), the study of hadith, jurisprudence (fiqh) and related subjects. Al-ulum al-aqliyya, the rational sciences, cover philosophy, logic, mathematics, astronomy and medicine.So the naqli sciences are not a school curriculum in general, not a means of livelihood, and not the daily prayer itself, which is a practice of the faith rather than a branch of learning.

Q: 'No knowledge comes from outside, it resides in human mind' this view about knowledge was expressed by ..............................

The view was expressed by Swami Vivekananda.Vivekananda held that knowledge is inherent in every human being: what we call learning is really discovering, by taking the cover off our own soul. His definition of education as 'the manifestation of the perfection already in man' follows from this, and the teacher's role is to remove obstacles, not to pour knowledge in.Sri Aurobindo's first principle of teaching, 'nothing can be taught', is close in spirit, which makes it the main trap, but the statement quoted is Vivekananda's. Swami Dayananda based education on the authority of the Vedas, and Rabindranath Tagore stressed freedom and learning from nature.

Q: Which of the following books of Plato consists of his educational thoughts ?

Plato's educational thought is in the Laws and Republic.The Republic sets out a complete scheme of education for the ideal state: music and gymnastics for the young, then mathematics and dialectic for the guardians, leading to the philosopher-king. The Laws, his last work, returns to the subject in practical detail, with state-run schools, compulsory education and education for girls as well as boys.The other dialogues deal with other questions: the Gorgias with rhetoric, the Phaedo with the immortality of the soul, the Sophist with being and sophistry, the Lysis with friendship and the Parmenides with the theory of forms. The Protagoras asks whether virtue can be taught, but it is not where his educational system is laid out.

Q: Abhidhammapitak in Buddhism provides exposition of .......................

The Abhidhamma Pitaka expounds Philosophical theories.The Buddhist canon, the Tripitaka, has three baskets. The Vinaya Pitaka holds the rules of monastic discipline, the Sutta Pitaka holds the Buddha's discourses, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka (the 'higher teaching') gives a systematic, scholastic analysis of mind, mental states and matter. It is the philosophical and psychological core of the canon.Social rules for the community of monks belong to the Vinaya, and the whole canon is religious, so 'religious theories' does not single out the Abhidhamma. 'Humanistic theories' is not how the text is described.

Q: According to ........................ "Individuality is of no value and personality a meaningless term apart from social environment in which they are developed and made manifest".

The statement is from Ross.James S. Ross, in Groundwork of Educational Theory, used it to argue for the social aim of education: individuality and personality have meaning only in a social setting, so education must develop the individual through and for society, not in isolation from it.Auguste Comte founded sociology but did not write on this aim of education. A. K. C. Ottaway wrote Education and Society, a sociology of education, and Sir Fred Clarke wrote Freedom in the Educative Society; both are associated with the social view of education, but the sentence quoted is Ross's.

Q: Science has no place in ...................

The keyed answer is Idealistic education.Idealism puts mind, spirit and moral values first, so its curriculum is built on the humanities, literature, religion and ethics. The natural sciences get little weight, and the neglect of science is a standard criticism listed against idealistic education in textbooks of educational philosophy. The question states this criticism in its absolute form.Modern education gives science a central place, and humanism, which stresses human values, does not set science aside. Existentialism holds that science cannot help a person's inner realisation, but textbooks add that this does not mean dropping science: its curriculum also includes the humanities, ethics and religion. Real idealist curricula are not entirely free of science, so the item rests on reading the word no loosely.

Q: Who is the author of the book 'Pedagogy of Freedom' ?

The author is Paulo Freire.Pedagogy of Freedom: Ethics, Democracy and Civic Courage (1996 in Portuguese, 1998 in English) was the Brazilian educator's last book published in his lifetime. Like his better-known Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1968), it argues that teaching is not the transfer of knowledge but the creation of conditions in which learners build it, and that education is never politically neutral.Tagore wrote on education at Santiniketan, J. Krishnamurti wrote Education and the Significance of Life, and Nel Noddings is known for the ethics of care in education. None wrote this book.

Q: 'Nibban' is the concept related to :

'Nibban' is a concept of Buddhism.Nibbana is the Pali form of the Sanskrit nirvana: the final liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth, reached by extinguishing craving, hatred and delusion. It is the goal of the Buddha's Eightfold Path, and the Pali texts of Theravada Buddhism use this form of the word.Jainism calls final liberation kevala or moksha, Hinduism speaks of moksha, and Islam's idea of salvation is entry into paradise by God's mercy. The Pali spelling points only to Buddhism.

71.

The ............... of formation of social movement can also be called as 'The Unrest Stage'.

A.Preliminary stage
B.Popular stage
C.Formalisation stage
D.Stage of Institutionalisation

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

The unrest stage is the Preliminary stage.

In Herbert Blumer's classic account, a social movement passes through four stages: the preliminary stage of social unrest, when people feel a vague dissatisfaction and agitators voice it; the popular stage, when the unrest becomes collective excitement around a shared cause; the formalisation stage, when an organisation with leaders, rules and strategy appears; and the stage of institutionalisation, when the movement becomes an established part of society.

Unrest is the starting condition, so it names the first stage and none of the later ones, which already assume organised collective action.

Discuss in Forum

72.

............................ is known as founder of Sociology.

A.Karl Marx
B.Herbert Spencer
C.Auguste Comte
D.Charles Darwin

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

The founder of Sociology is Auguste Comte.

The French thinker Auguste Comte coined the word 'sociologie' in his Course of Positive Philosophy (1830-42) and proposed a positive science of society based on observation, with social statics and social dynamics as its branches. He is therefore called the father of sociology.

Herbert Spencer developed an evolutionary sociology a generation later, Karl Marx founded the conflict tradition with his analysis of class and capital, and Charles Darwin was a naturalist whose theory of evolution influenced, but did not found, the discipline.

Discuss in Forum

73.

In Islam, Ulum Naqliyya deals with ...................................

A.Curriculum for educational institution
B.Means for earning livelihood
C.Interpretation of holy Qur'an
D.Daily (Prayer) Namaz

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

Ulum Naqliyya deals with the interpretation of holy Qur'an.

Medieval Islamic scholarship divided knowledge into two groups. Al-ulum al-naqliyya, the transmitted or revealed sciences, rest on the Qur'an and the tradition of the Prophet: Qur'anic exegesis (tafsir), the study of hadith, jurisprudence (fiqh) and related subjects. Al-ulum al-aqliyya, the rational sciences, cover philosophy, logic, mathematics, astronomy and medicine.

So the naqli sciences are not a school curriculum in general, not a means of livelihood, and not the daily prayer itself, which is a practice of the faith rather than a branch of learning.

Discuss in Forum

74.

'No knowledge comes from outside, it resides in human mind' this view about knowledge was expressed by ..............................

A.Sri Aurobindo
B.Swami Dayananda
C.Swami Vivekananda
D.Rabindranath Tagore

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

The view was expressed by Swami Vivekananda.

Vivekananda held that knowledge is inherent in every human being: what we call learning is really discovering, by taking the cover off our own soul. His definition of education as 'the manifestation of the perfection already in man' follows from this, and the teacher's role is to remove obstacles, not to pour knowledge in.

Sri Aurobindo's first principle of teaching, 'nothing can be taught', is close in spirit, which makes it the main trap, but the statement quoted is Vivekananda's. Swami Dayananda based education on the authority of the Vedas, and Rabindranath Tagore stressed freedom and learning from nature.

Discuss in Forum

75.

Which of the following books of Plato consists of his educational thoughts ?

A.Gorgias and Phaedo
B.Sophist and Lycis
C.Laws and Republic
D.Permenidus and Protagoras

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

Plato's educational thought is in the Laws and Republic.

The Republic sets out a complete scheme of education for the ideal state: music and gymnastics for the young, then mathematics and dialectic for the guardians, leading to the philosopher-king. The Laws, his last work, returns to the subject in practical detail, with state-run schools, compulsory education and education for girls as well as boys.

The other dialogues deal with other questions: the Gorgias with rhetoric, the Phaedo with the immortality of the soul, the Sophist with being and sophistry, the Lysis with friendship and the Parmenides with the theory of forms. The Protagoras asks whether virtue can be taught, but it is not where his educational system is laid out.

Discuss in Forum

76.

Abhidhammapitak in Buddhism provides exposition of .......................

A.Social theories
B.Philosophical theories
C.Religious theories
D.Humanistic theories

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: B

The Abhidhamma Pitaka expounds Philosophical theories.

The Buddhist canon, the Tripitaka, has three baskets. The Vinaya Pitaka holds the rules of monastic discipline, the Sutta Pitaka holds the Buddha's discourses, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka (the 'higher teaching') gives a systematic, scholastic analysis of mind, mental states and matter. It is the philosophical and psychological core of the canon.

Social rules for the community of monks belong to the Vinaya, and the whole canon is religious, so 'religious theories' does not single out the Abhidhamma. 'Humanistic theories' is not how the text is described.

Discuss in Forum

77.

According to ........................ "Individuality is of no value and personality a meaningless term apart from social environment in which they are developed and made manifest".

A.Auguste Comte
B.Ross
C.Ottaway
D.Clarke

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: B

The statement is from Ross.

James S. Ross, in Groundwork of Educational Theory, used it to argue for the social aim of education: individuality and personality have meaning only in a social setting, so education must develop the individual through and for society, not in isolation from it.

Auguste Comte founded sociology but did not write on this aim of education. A. K. C. Ottaway wrote Education and Society, a sociology of education, and Sir Fred Clarke wrote Freedom in the Educative Society; both are associated with the social view of education, but the sentence quoted is Ross's.

Discuss in Forum

78.

Science has no place in ...................

A.Modern education
B.Idealistic education
C.Existentialism
D.Humanism

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: B

The keyed answer is Idealistic education.

Idealism puts mind, spirit and moral values first, so its curriculum is built on the humanities, literature, religion and ethics. The natural sciences get little weight, and the neglect of science is a standard criticism listed against idealistic education in textbooks of educational philosophy. The question states this criticism in its absolute form.

Modern education gives science a central place, and humanism, which stresses human values, does not set science aside. Existentialism holds that science cannot help a person's inner realisation, but textbooks add that this does not mean dropping science: its curriculum also includes the humanities, ethics and religion. Real idealist curricula are not entirely free of science, so the item rests on reading the word no loosely.

Discuss in Forum

79.

Who is the author of the book 'Pedagogy of Freedom' ?

A.Rabindranath Tagore
B.J. Krishnamurthy
C.Paulo Freire
D.Nel Noddings

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The author is Paulo Freire.

Pedagogy of Freedom: Ethics, Democracy and Civic Courage (1996 in Portuguese, 1998 in English) was the Brazilian educator's last book published in his lifetime. Like his better-known Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1968), it argues that teaching is not the transfer of knowledge but the creation of conditions in which learners build it, and that education is never politically neutral.

Tagore wrote on education at Santiniketan, J. Krishnamurti wrote Education and the Significance of Life, and Nel Noddings is known for the ethics of care in education. None wrote this book.

Discuss in Forum

80.

'Nibban' is the concept related to :

A.Jainism
B.Hinduism
C.Buddhism
D.Islam

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

'Nibban' is a concept of Buddhism.

Nibbana is the Pali form of the Sanskrit nirvana: the final liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth, reached by extinguishing craving, hatred and delusion. It is the goal of the Buddha's Eightfold Path, and the Pali texts of Theravada Buddhism use this form of the word.

Jainism calls final liberation kevala or moksha, Hinduism speaks of moksha, and Islam's idea of salvation is entry into paradise by God's mercy. The Pali spelling points only to Buddhism.

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