Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Q: In most of the IBM PCs, the CPU, the device drivers, memory, expansion slots and active components are mounted on a single board. What is the name of the board?

Correct answer: MotherboardThe motherboard is the main printed circuit board, carrying the processor, memory, chipset and expansion slots, and joining them by the system buses. Smaller boards that plug into it are called daughterboards; a breadboard is a prototyping device.

Q: Which of the following statements is valid?

Correct answer: All of aboveAll three are true. Ada, Countess of Lovelace wrote the notes on Babbage’s Analytical Engine that contain what is generally called the first computer program, so she is regarded as the first programmer; she was the daughter of Lord Byron; and the language Ada, developed for the United States Department of Defense in the late 1970s, is named after her.

Q: Which was the most popular first generation computer?

Correct answer: IBM 1650The IBM 650 family - of which the 1650 is the designation used in this question - was the most widely sold computer of the first generation, with roughly two thousand delivered from 1954. The IBM 360 belongs to the third generation and the 1130 to the third as well.

Q: If in a computer, 16 bits are used to specify address in a RAM, the number of addresses will be

Correct answer: Any of the aboveAll three describe the same quantity. Sixteen address lines give \(2^{16}\) distinct combinations, and\[ 2^{16} = 65{,}536 = 64 \times 1024 = 64\text{K} \]so “\(2^{16}\)”, “65,536” and “64K” are three notations for one number.

Q: An application suitable for sequential processing is

Correct answer: Both a and bSequential processing suits work where every record must be handled in a single run, in order - and both payroll and the processing of grades are of that kind. Nothing is gained by random access when the whole file has to be read anyway. Enquiry systems, where one record is wanted at a time, are the opposite case.

Q: Nepal brought a computer for census of 2028 BS. This computer was of

Correct answer: second generationThe IBM 1401, brought to Nepal in 2028 BS (1971) for the census, was a second-generation machine - built with discrete transistors rather than valves or integrated circuits. It was already an old design by then, but it did the work.

Q: The basic operations performed by a computer are

Correct answer: All the aboveA computer does three kinds of thing: arithmetic (add, subtract, multiply, divide), logical comparisons (equal, greater, less), and storage and retrieval of data. The first two are the work of the ALU, the third of memory; everything else is built from them.

Q: The term gigabyte refers to

Correct answer: 1024 megabytesThe units go up in steps of 1024, which is \(2^{10}\): 1024 bytes to the kilobyte, 1024 kilobytes to the megabyte, and 1024 megabytes to the gigabyte - that is \(2^{30}\) bytes. (Disk manufacturers use powers of ten instead, which is why a “500 GB” drive shows as about 465 GB.)

Q: Integrated circuits were first used in which generation of computers ?

Correct answer: Third generationThe third generation, from the mid-1960s, replaced discrete transistors with integrated circuits, making machines markedly smaller and more reliable. The first used vacuum tubes, the second transistors and the fourth microprocessors.

21.

In most of the IBM PCs, the CPU, the device drivers, memory, expansion slots and active components are mounted on a single board. What is the name of the board?

A.Motherboard
B.Daughterboard
C.Breadboard
D.Fatherboard

Answer: A

Correct answer: Motherboard

The motherboard is the main printed circuit board, carrying the processor, memory, chipset and expansion slots, and joining them by the system buses. Smaller boards that plug into it are called daughterboards; a breadboard is a prototyping device.

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22.

Which of the following statements is valid?

A.Lady Augusta is the first programmer
B.Ada is the daughter of Lord Byron, a famous English poet
C.ADA is a programming language developed by US Defense
D.All of above

Answer: D

Correct answer: All of above

All three are true. Ada, Countess of Lovelace wrote the notes on Babbage’s Analytical Engine that contain what is generally called the first computer program, so she is regarded as the first programmer; she was the daughter of Lord Byron; and the language Ada, developed for the United States Department of Defense in the late 1970s, is named after her.

Discuss in Forum

23.

Which was the most popular first generation computer?

A.IBM 1650
B.IBM 360
C.IBM 1130
D.IBM 2700

Answer: A

Correct answer: IBM 1650

The IBM 650 family - of which the 1650 is the designation used in this question - was the most widely sold computer of the first generation, with roughly two thousand delivered from 1954. The IBM 360 belongs to the third generation and the 1130 to the third as well.

Discuss in Forum

24.

If in a computer, 16 bits are used to specify address in a RAM, the number of addresses will be

A.216
B.65,536
C.64K
D.Any of the above

Answer: B

Correct answer: Any of the above

All three describe the same quantity. Sixteen address lines give \(2^{16}\) distinct combinations, and

\[ 2^{16} = 65{,}536 = 64 \times 1024 = 64\text{K} \]

so “\(2^{16}\)”, “65,536” and “64K” are three notations for one number.

Discuss in Forum

25.

An application suitable for sequential processing is

A.Processing of grades
B.Payroll processing
C.Both a and b
D.All of above

Answer: C

Correct answer: Both a and b

Sequential processing suits work where every record must be handled in a single run, in order - and both payroll and the processing of grades are of that kind. Nothing is gained by random access when the whole file has to be read anyway. Enquiry systems, where one record is wanted at a time, are the opposite case.

Discuss in Forum

26.

Nepal brought a computer for census of 2028 BS. This computer was of

A.first generation
B.second generation
C.third generation
D.fourth generation

Answer: B

Correct answer: second generation

The IBM 1401, brought to Nepal in 2028 BS (1971) for the census, was a second-generation machine - built with discrete transistors rather than valves or integrated circuits. It was already an old design by then, but it did the work.

Discuss in Forum

27.

The basic operations performed by a computer are

A.Arithmetic operation
B.Logical operation
C.Storage and relative
D.All the above

Answer: D

Correct answer: All the above

A computer does three kinds of thing: arithmetic (add, subtract, multiply, divide), logical comparisons (equal, greater, less), and storage and retrieval of data. The first two are the work of the ALU, the third of memory; everything else is built from them.

Discuss in Forum

28.

The term gigabyte refers to

A.1024 bytes
B.1024 kilobytes
C.1024 megabytes
D.1024 terabytes

Answer: C

Correct answer: 1024 megabytes

The units go up in steps of 1024, which is \(2^{10}\): 1024 bytes to the kilobyte, 1024 kilobytes to the megabyte, and 1024 megabytes to the gigabyte - that is \(2^{30}\) bytes. (Disk manufacturers use powers of ten instead, which is why a “500 GB” drive shows as about 465 GB.)

Discuss in Forum

29.

Integrated circuits were first used in which generation of computers ?

A.First generation
B.Second generation
C.Third generation
D.Fourth generation

Answer: B

Correct answer: Third generation

The third generation, from the mid-1960s, replaced discrete transistors with integrated circuits, making machines markedly smaller and more reliable. The first used vacuum tubes, the second transistors and the fourth microprocessors.

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30.

What is a brand?

A.The name of companies that made computers
B.The name a company gives a product to identify it in the market
C.A name of class to indicate all similar products from different companies
D.All of above

Answer: B

Correct answer: The name a company gives a product to identify it in the market

A brand is the name and identity a company attaches to its own product to distinguish it from competing ones - ThinkPad, Pentium, Windows. It is narrower than the company name and quite different from a generic category term, which covers similar products from every maker.

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