Networking Basics Questions and Answers

Q: What flavor of Network Address Translation can be used to have one IP address allow many users to connect to the global Internet?

Correct answer: PATPort Address Translation, also called NAT overload, maps many inside addresses to a single outside address by giving each conversation a distinct source port number and keeping a translation table of the pairs. It is what allows a whole office to reach the Internet through one public address. Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address permanently, and dynamic NAT draws from a pool - neither of which lets more hosts out than there are public addresses available.

Q: Which one of the following computer network is built on the top of another network?

Correct answer: overlay networkAn overlay network is a logical network constructed on top of another, its links being paths through the underlying network rather than physical connections. Peer-to-peer file sharing systems, virtual private networks and content distribution networks are the common examples. It permits new services without any change to the infrastructure, at the cost of routing decisions made in ignorance of the real topology below.

Q: You have 10 users plugged into a hub running 10Mbps half-duplex. There is a server connected to the switch running 10Mbps half-duplex as well. How much bandwidth does each host have to the server?

Correct answer: 1 MbpsA hub is a shared medium: every port is in the same collision domain, and the 10 Mbps is divided among everyone using it. With ten users,\[ \frac{10}{10} = 1 \text{ Mbps each} \]and half duplex means they cannot send and receive at once either. Replacing the hub with a switch would give each host its own collision domain and the full 10 Mbps, which is precisely the difference between the two devices.

Q: In computer network nodes are:

Correct answer: all of the mentionedA node is any device attached to the network that participates in communication, whether it originates the data, forwards it on the way, or receives it as the final destination. The term is deliberately general - hosts, routers and switches are all nodes - and the role a given node plays changes from one message to the next.

Q: The _______ is the physical path over which a message travels:

Correct answer: MediumThe transmission medium is the physical path along which the signal actually travels - twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fibre or free space. It is one of the five components of a data communication system, with the message, sender, receiver and protocol. A path or route is the logical sequence of nodes a message passes through, which is a different idea from the physical carrier itself.

Q: What protocol does PPP use to identify the Network layer protocol?

Correct answer: NCPPPP has two sublayers above the physical link. LCP establishes, configures and tests the connection itself, handling authentication, compression, multilink and error detection. NCP then negotiates one control protocol per network layer protocol carried - IPCP for IP, IPXCP for IPX - which is how PPP supports several protocols over one link. HDLC is a different encapsulation altogether, and ISDN is a physical service.

Q: Which of the following is the valid host range for the subnet on which the IP address 192.168.168.188 255.255.255.192 resides?

Correct answer: 192.168.168.129-190The mask 255.255.255.192 is /26, leaving 6 host bits, so the block size is\[ 256 - 192 = 64 \]and the subnets begin at 0, 64, 128 and 192. The address 188 falls in the 128 subnet, whose broadcast is the address before the next subnet, 191. The usable hosts are therefore 129 to 190: 128 is the network address and 191 the broadcast, and neither can be assigned to a host.

Q: Bluetooth is an example of:

Correct answer: personal area networkA PAN covers the space immediately around a person, typically within about ten metres, and Bluetooth is its most familiar technology - connecting a headset, keyboard or fitness tracker to a phone or computer. A LAN spans a building or campus, a WAN a country or the world, and a VPN is a logical network tunnelled over a public one rather than a matter of physical range.

Q: The first Network:

Correct answer: ARPANETARPANET, built for the United States Advanced Research Projects Agency, carried its first message in 1969 and is the direct ancestor of the Internet. It demonstrated packet switching in practice and adopted TCP/IP in 1983. NSFNET followed in 1985 as the academic backbone that eventually replaced it, and the other two names are not networks that existed.

Q: How many collision domains are created when you segment a network with a 12-port switch?

Correct answer: 12Every port on a switch is its own collision domain, which is exactly what distinguishes a switch from a hub: frames are forwarded only towards the port where the destination MAC address resides, so two conversations on different ports never collide. Twelve ports therefore give twelve collision domains, while all twelve remain in one broadcast domain unless VLANs are configured.

81.

What flavor of Network Address Translation can be used to have one IP address allow many users to connect to the global Internet?

A.NAT
B.Static
C.Dynamic
D.PAT

Answer: D

Correct answer: PAT

Port Address Translation, also called NAT overload, maps many inside addresses to a single outside address by giving each conversation a distinct source port number and keeping a translation table of the pairs. It is what allows a whole office to reach the Internet through one public address. Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address permanently, and dynamic NAT draws from a pool - neither of which lets more hosts out than there are public addresses available.

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82.

Which one of the following computer network is built on the top of another network?

A.prior network
B.chief network
C.prime network
D.overlay network

Answer: D

Correct answer: overlay network

An overlay network is a logical network constructed on top of another, its links being paths through the underlying network rather than physical connections. Peer-to-peer file sharing systems, virtual private networks and content distribution networks are the common examples. It permits new services without any change to the infrastructure, at the cost of routing decisions made in ignorance of the real topology below.

Discuss in Forum

83.

You have 10 users plugged into a hub running 10Mbps half-duplex. There is a server connected to the switch running 10Mbps half-duplex as well. How much bandwidth does each host have to the server?

A.100 kbps
B.1 Mbps
C.2 Mbps
D.10 Mbps

Answer: D

Correct answer: 1 Mbps

A hub is a shared medium: every port is in the same collision domain, and the 10 Mbps is divided among everyone using it. With ten users,

\[ \frac{10}{10} = 1 \text{ Mbps each} \]

and half duplex means they cannot send and receive at once either. Replacing the hub with a switch would give each host its own collision domain and the full 10 Mbps, which is precisely the difference between the two devices.

Discuss in Forum

84.

In computer network nodes are:

A.the computer that originates the data
B.the computer that routes the data
C.the computer that terminates the data
D.all of the mentioned

Answer: D

Correct answer: all of the mentioned

A node is any device attached to the network that participates in communication, whether it originates the data, forwards it on the way, or receives it as the final destination. The term is deliberately general - hosts, routers and switches are all nodes - and the role a given node plays changes from one message to the next.

Discuss in Forum

85.

The _______ is the physical path over which a message travels:

A.Path
B.Medium
C.Protocol
D.Route

Answer: B

Correct answer: Medium

The transmission medium is the physical path along which the signal actually travels - twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fibre or free space. It is one of the five components of a data communication system, with the message, sender, receiver and protocol. A path or route is the logical sequence of nodes a message passes through, which is a different idea from the physical carrier itself.

Discuss in Forum

86.

What protocol does PPP use to identify the Network layer protocol?

A.NCP
B.ISDN
C.HDLC
D.LCP

Answer: A

Correct answer: NCP

PPP has two sublayers above the physical link. LCP establishes, configures and tests the connection itself, handling authentication, compression, multilink and error detection. NCP then negotiates one control protocol per network layer protocol carried - IPCP for IP, IPXCP for IPX - which is how PPP supports several protocols over one link. HDLC is a different encapsulation altogether, and ISDN is a physical service.

Discuss in Forum

87.

Which of the following is the valid host range for the subnet on which the IP address 192.168.168.188 255.255.255.192 resides?

A.192.168.168.129-190
B.192.168.168.129-191
C.192.168.168.128-190
D.192.168.168.128-192

Answer: A

Correct answer: 192.168.168.129-190

The mask 255.255.255.192 is /26, leaving 6 host bits, so the block size is

\[ 256 - 192 = 64 \]

and the subnets begin at 0, 64, 128 and 192. The address 188 falls in the 128 subnet, whose broadcast is the address before the next subnet, 191. The usable hosts are therefore 129 to 190: 128 is the network address and 191 the broadcast, and neither can be assigned to a host.

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88.

Bluetooth is an example of:

A.personal area network
B.local area network
C. virtual private network
D.none of the mentioned

Answer: A

Correct answer: personal area network

A PAN covers the space immediately around a person, typically within about ten metres, and Bluetooth is its most familiar technology - connecting a headset, keyboard or fitness tracker to a phone or computer. A LAN spans a building or campus, a WAN a country or the world, and a VPN is a logical network tunnelled over a public one rather than a matter of physical range.

Discuss in Forum

89.

The first Network:

A.CNNET
B.NSFNET
C.ASAPNET
D.ARPANET

Answer: D

Correct answer: ARPANET

ARPANET, built for the United States Advanced Research Projects Agency, carried its first message in 1969 and is the direct ancestor of the Internet. It demonstrated packet switching in practice and adopted TCP/IP in 1983. NSFNET followed in 1985 as the academic backbone that eventually replaced it, and the other two names are not networks that existed.

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90.

How many collision domains are created when you segment a network with a 12-port switch?

A.1
B.2
C.5
D.12

Answer: D

Correct answer: 12

Every port on a switch is its own collision domain, which is exactly what distinguishes a switch from a hub: frames are forwarded only towards the port where the destination MAC address resides, so two conversations on different ports never collide. Twelve ports therefore give twelve collision domains, while all twelve remain in one broadcast domain unless VLANs are configured.

Discuss in Forum

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