Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Q: The brain of any computer system is

The brain of a computer is the CPU.The Central Processing Unit carries out instructions and controls the working of all other parts of the computer, which is why it is called the brain of the system.The ALU (arithmetic logic unit) and the control unit are parts of the CPU, not the whole of it, and memory only stores data and instructions; it does not process them.Within the CPU, the control unit directs the flow of data and instructions, while the ALU carries out the arithmetic and logical operations.

Q: Time during which a job is processed by the computer is

The time during which a job is processed is the execution time.Execution time is the time the CPU actually spends running a job or program, from the start of processing to its completion.Down time is the period when a system is not working or available. Real time describes processing done immediately as data arrives, and delay time is time spent waiting, not processing.Execution time is one part of the turnaround time of a job, which also includes the time spent waiting in queues.

Q: Which network is a packet switching network?

Correct answer: EuroNETEuroNET was the packet-switching network built by the European Community in the late 1970s to link its member states’ research and information services, using the X.25 protocol. Ring, star and LAN describe network shapes and scopes rather than switching techniques.

Q: Which of following is not malicious ?

Correct answer: DriverA Trojan horse, a virus and a worm are all malicious programs written to damage a system or spread through it. A device driver is legitimate system software that lets the operating system communicate with a piece of hardware.

Q: The average time necessary for the correct sector of a disk to arrive at the read write head is _____

Correct answer: Rotational delayReaching a sector takes two movements: the arm steps to the right track - the seek - and then the platter must turn until the sector passes under the head, which is the rotational delay or latency. On average it is half a revolution, so a 7200 rpm disk averages about \( \tfrac{1}{2} \times \tfrac{60}{7200} = 4.2 \) ms.

Q: Which of the following is an example of non volatile memory?

Correct answer: ROMROM is non-volatile: its contents are fixed when it is manufactured or programmed and survive with the power switched off, which is why the start-up firmware lives there. RAM loses everything when power is removed. VLSI and LSI describe scales of integration, not kinds of memory.

Q: The report card and merit list forms the

Correct answer: Output dataA report card and a merit list are what emerges when the marks have been processed - the results presented for use. That makes them output; the marks entered at the start were the input, and the calculation between them was the processing.

Q: Firmware is stored in ?

Correct answer: ROMFirmware is the program a device needs the moment it is switched on - the BIOS that starts the machine, for instance - so it must survive with the power off and be present before any disk can be read. That calls for ROM, in practice flash memory that can be rewritten when the firmware is updated.

Q: Which type of system puts the user into direct conversation with the computer through a keyboard?

Correct answer: Interactive computerIn interactive working the user types at a keyboard, the machine responds at once, and the next entry depends on that response - a conversation. Batch processing accepts a job and returns results later with no dialogue at all, and time sharing describes how the processor is divided between users rather than the style of the exchange.

Q: Computer memory consists of

Correct answer: All of the aboveComputer memory covers all three: RAM is the volatile working memory that holds what is running, ROM holds the firmware that survives with the power off, and PROM is a read-only memory written once after manufacture. All are forms of the machine’s memory.

31.

The brain of any computer system is

A.ALU
B.Memory
C.Control unit
D.CPU

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: D

The brain of a computer is the CPU.

The Central Processing Unit carries out instructions and controls the working of all other parts of the computer, which is why it is called the brain of the system.

The ALU (arithmetic logic unit) and the control unit are parts of the CPU, not the whole of it, and memory only stores data and instructions; it does not process them.

Within the CPU, the control unit directs the flow of data and instructions, while the ALU carries out the arithmetic and logical operations.

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32.

Time during which a job is processed by the computer is

A.Delay time
B.Real time
C.Down time
D.Execution time

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: D

The time during which a job is processed is the execution time.

Execution time is the time the CPU actually spends running a job or program, from the start of processing to its completion.

Down time is the period when a system is not working or available. Real time describes processing done immediately as data arrives, and delay time is time spent waiting, not processing.

Execution time is one part of the turnaround time of a job, which also includes the time spent waiting in queues.

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33.

Which network is a packet switching network?

A.Ring network
B.LAN
C.Star network
D.EuroNET

Answer: D

Correct answer: EuroNET

EuroNET was the packet-switching network built by the European Community in the late 1970s to link its member states’ research and information services, using the X.25 protocol. Ring, star and LAN describe network shapes and scopes rather than switching techniques.

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34.

Which of following is not malicious ?

A.Trojan Horse
B.Driver
C.Virus
D.Worm

Answer: B

Correct answer: Driver

A Trojan horse, a virus and a worm are all malicious programs written to damage a system or spread through it. A device driver is legitimate system software that lets the operating system communicate with a piece of hardware.

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35.

The average time necessary for the correct sector of a disk to arrive at the read write head is _____

A.Down time
B.Seek time
C.Rotational delay
D.Access time

Answer: C

Correct answer: Rotational delay

Reaching a sector takes two movements: the arm steps to the right track - the seek - and then the platter must turn until the sector passes under the head, which is the rotational delay or latency. On average it is half a revolution, so a 7200 rpm disk averages about \( \tfrac{1}{2} \times \tfrac{60}{7200} = 4.2 \) ms.

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36.

Which of the following is an example of non volatile memory?

A.VLSI
B.ROM
C.RAM
D.LSI

Answer: B

Correct answer: ROM

ROM is non-volatile: its contents are fixed when it is manufactured or programmed and survive with the power switched off, which is why the start-up firmware lives there. RAM loses everything when power is removed. VLSI and LSI describe scales of integration, not kinds of memory.

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37.

The report card and merit list forms the

A.Output data
B.Data processing
C.Central Processing
D.Input data

Answer: A

Correct answer: Output data

A report card and a merit list are what emerges when the marks have been processed - the results presented for use. That makes them output; the marks entered at the start were the input, and the calculation between them was the processing.

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38.

Firmware is stored in ?

A.ROM
B.RAM
C.Hard Disk
D.Cache

Answer: A

Correct answer: ROM

Firmware is the program a device needs the moment it is switched on - the BIOS that starts the machine, for instance - so it must survive with the power off and be present before any disk can be read. That calls for ROM, in practice flash memory that can be rewritten when the firmware is updated.

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39.

Which type of system puts the user into direct conversation with the computer through a keyboard?

A.Real time processing
B.Interactive computer
C.Batch processing
D.Time sharing

Answer: B

Correct answer: Interactive computer

In interactive working the user types at a keyboard, the machine responds at once, and the next entry depends on that response - a conversation. Batch processing accepts a job and returns results later with no dialogue at all, and time sharing describes how the processor is divided between users rather than the style of the exchange.

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40.

Computer memory consists of

A.RAM
B.ROM
C.PROM
D.All of the above

Answer: D

Correct answer: All of the above

Computer memory covers all three: RAM is the volatile working memory that holds what is running, ROM holds the firmware that survives with the power off, and PROM is a read-only memory written once after manufacture. All are forms of the machine’s memory.

Discuss in Forum

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