Match the following :InventorInventioni Charles Babbagea. Punched Cardsii. Herman Hollerithb. Difference Engineiii. Blaise Pascalc. Calculator for multiplication.iv. Baron Gottfriedd. Mechanical adding machineChoose the most appropriate option from below :

The correct matching is i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c.Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine (b), and later the Analytical Engine.Herman Hollerith built a tabulating machine that read punched cards (a), first used for the 1890 United States census.Blaise Pascal built the Pascaline in 1642, a mechanical adding machine (d).Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the 'Baron Gottfried' of the question, built the stepped reckoner, a calculator that could also multiply (c).Options pairing Hollerith with anything other than punched cards, or Pascal with multiplication, swap these inventions.

History of Computers Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following is not a supercomputer developed by India ?

The one that is not an Indian supercomputer is Pragyan.PARAM is the series of supercomputers built by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) from 1991 onwards. Pratyush (at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune) and Mihir (at the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Noida) are the high-performance computing systems of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, used for weather and climate forecasting.Pragyan is the name of the rover carried by Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander, which explored the Moon's surface near its south pole in 2023. It is not a supercomputer.

Q: The first generation computers used which electronic devices for building circuitry?

First generation computers used vacuum tubes.The computers of the 1940s and early 1950s, such as ENIAC and UNIVAC, used thousands of vacuum tubes for their circuitry. They were huge, consumed a great deal of power and produced much heat.Transistors defined the second generation, and integrated circuit chips the third. Transducers convert one form of energy into another and were never the basis of a computer generation.

Q: Which electronic device was used in Second Generation Computers ?

Second generation computers used Transistors.Computer generations are defined by their main electronic component. The second generation, roughly 1956 to 1963, replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, which were smaller, faster, cheaper, more reliable and produced much less heat.Vacuum tubes belong to the first generation. Integrated circuits mark the third generation, and very large scale integration (VLSI), with microprocessors, the fourth. So 'None of the above' is wrong.

Q: Match the following :GenerationTechnology1. First generationi. Vacuum tubes2. Second generationii. Transistors3. Third generationiii. Integrated circuits with small scale integration (SSI)4. Fourth generationiv. MicroprocessorsChoose the most appropriate option from below :

The correct matching is 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv.Each computer generation is named after the switching technology it was built on. The first generation (about 1940-1956) used vacuum tubes; the second (1956-1963) replaced them with transistors; the third (1964-1971) put many transistors on one chip as integrated circuits, starting with small scale integration; and the fourth (1971 onward) placed a whole processor on one chip, the microprocessor.The other codes scramble this order. Any code that pairs the first generation with anything but vacuum tubes, or the fourth with anything but microprocessors, is wrong on its face.

Q: Who is considered the father of modern digital computer?

The father of the modern digital computer is Charles Babbage.Babbage, an English mathematician, designed the Difference Engine in the 1820s and then the Analytical Engine in the 1830s. The Analytical Engine had a store (memory), a mill (processor), punched-card input and printed output, the same basic structure as a modern computer, which is why he is given the title.Blaise Pascal built a mechanical adding machine, the Pascaline, in 1642. Herman Hollerith built the punched-card tabulating machine for the 1890 US census. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz built a calculator that could multiply and worked out binary arithmetic, but none of them designed a general-purpose programmable computer.

Q: Early computers like ENIAC, EDVAC, and UNIVAC I all can be classified as _____________.

Correct answer: First Generation ComputersAll three were built between 1945 and 1951 and all three switched with vacuum tubes, which is the defining feature of the first generation.

Q: ____is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do.

Correct answer: Artificial intelligence (AI)Artificial intelligence is the field concerned with making machines reason, learn and perceive as people do. Nanoscience and nanotechnology deal with matter at atomic scale, and simulation imitates a system's behaviour without any claim to intelligence.

Q: Which was an early mainframe computer?

Correct answer: ENIACENIAC, completed in 1946, was among the earliest electronic mainframes; the other three names are not computers at all. Note the spelling: UNIVAC was a real machine, but UNIC is not.

Q: What difference does the 5th generation computer have from other generation computers?

Correct answer: Technological advancementThe first four generations are each marked by a change of switching technology, and the fifth is marked in the same way - by very large scale integration and parallel processing put to the service of artificial intelligence. Object-oriented programming is a software development and belongs to no generation of hardware.

Which of the following is not a supercomputer developed by India ?

A.Mihir
B.Param
C.Pratyush
D.Pragyan

Exam Year(s)

CBSE Assistant Secretary - 2024,

Answer: D

The one that is not an Indian supercomputer is Pragyan.

PARAM is the series of supercomputers built by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) from 1991 onwards. Pratyush (at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune) and Mihir (at the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Noida) are the high-performance computing systems of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, used for weather and climate forecasting.

Pragyan is the name of the rover carried by Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander, which explored the Moon's surface near its south pole in 2023. It is not a supercomputer.

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The first generation computers used which electronic devices for building circuitry?

A.Transistors
B.Integrated Circuit chips (IC chips)
C.Vacuum Tubes
D.Transducers

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC Forest Service - 2024,

Answer: C

First generation computers used vacuum tubes.

The computers of the 1940s and early 1950s, such as ENIAC and UNIVAC, used thousands of vacuum tubes for their circuitry. They were huge, consumed a great deal of power and produced much heat.

Transistors defined the second generation, and integrated circuit chips the third. Transducers convert one form of energy into another and were never the basis of a computer generation.

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Which electronic device was used in Second Generation Computers ?

A.Vacuum tubes
B.VLSI
C.Transistors
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC State Service - 2023, MPPSC Forest Service - 2023,

Answer: C

Second generation computers used Transistors.

Computer generations are defined by their main electronic component. The second generation, roughly 1956 to 1963, replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, which were smaller, faster, cheaper, more reliable and produced much less heat.

Vacuum tubes belong to the first generation. Integrated circuits mark the third generation, and very large scale integration (VLSI), with microprocessors, the fourth. So 'None of the above' is wrong.

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Match the following :

Inventor	Invention
i Charles Babbage	a. Punched Cards
ii. Herman Hollerith	b. Difference Engine
iii. Blaise Pascal	c. Calculator for multiplication.
iv. Baron Gottfried	d. Mechanical adding machine

Choose the most appropriate option from below :

A.i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c
B.i-a, ii-d, iii-b, iv-c
C.i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a
D.i-d, ii-c, iii-a, iv-b

Exam Year(s)

RSMSSB - 2025, NHM Rajasthan Pharmacist - 2025, Rajasthan NHM Pharma Assistant - 2025,

Answer: A

The correct matching is i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c.

Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine (b), and later the Analytical Engine.
Herman Hollerith built a tabulating machine that read punched cards (a), first used for the 1890 United States census.
Blaise Pascal built the Pascaline in 1642, a mechanical adding machine (d).
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the 'Baron Gottfried' of the question, built the stepped reckoner, a calculator that could also multiply (c).

Options pairing Hollerith with anything other than punched cards, or Pascal with multiplication, swap these inventions.

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Match the following :

Generation	Technology
1. First generation	i. Vacuum tubes
2. Second generation	ii. Transistors
3. Third generation	iii. Integrated circuits with small scale integration (SSI)
4. Fourth generation	iv. Microprocessors

Choose the most appropriate option from below :

A.1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv
B.1-ii, 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-i
C.1-iii, 2-ii, 3-iv, 4-i
D.1-iv, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-i

Exam Year(s)

RSMSSB - 2025, RSMSSB Lab Technician - 2025,

Answer: A

The correct matching is 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv.

Each computer generation is named after the switching technology it was built on. The first generation (about 1940-1956) used vacuum tubes; the second (1956-1963) replaced them with transistors; the third (1964-1971) put many transistors on one chip as integrated circuits, starting with small scale integration; and the fourth (1971 onward) placed a whole processor on one chip, the microprocessor.

The other codes scramble this order. Any code that pairs the first generation with anything but vacuum tubes, or the fourth with anything but microprocessors, is wrong on its face.

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Who is considered the father of modern digital computer?

A.Blaise Pascal
B.Charles Babbage
C.Herman Holerith
D.Baron Gottfried Wilhem

Exam Year(s)

RSMSSB - 2025, RSMSSB Lab Technician - 2025,

Answer: B

The father of the modern digital computer is Charles Babbage.

Babbage, an English mathematician, designed the Difference Engine in the 1820s and then the Analytical Engine in the 1830s. The Analytical Engine had a store (memory), a mill (processor), punched-card input and printed output, the same basic structure as a modern computer, which is why he is given the title.

Blaise Pascal built a mechanical adding machine, the Pascaline, in 1642. Herman Hollerith built the punched-card tabulating machine for the 1890 US census. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz built a calculator that could multiply and worked out binary arithmetic, but none of them designed a general-purpose programmable computer.

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Early computers like ENIAC, EDVAC, and UNIVAC I all can be classified as _____________.

A.Third Generation Computers
B.Second Generation Computers
C.First Generation Computers
D.None of the above

Answer: C

Correct answer: First Generation Computers

All three were built between 1945 and 1951 and all three switched with vacuum tubes, which is the defining feature of the first generation.

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____is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do.

A.Nano science
B.Nanotechnology
C.Simulation
D.Artificial intelligence (AI)

Answer: D

Correct answer: Artificial intelligence (AI)

Artificial intelligence is the field concerned with making machines reason, learn and perceive as people do. Nanoscience and nanotechnology deal with matter at atomic scale, and simulation imitates a system's behaviour without any claim to intelligence.

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Which was an early mainframe computer?

A.UNIC
B.FUNTRIA
C.BRAINIA
D.ENIAC

Answer: D

Correct answer: ENIAC

ENIAC, completed in 1946, was among the earliest electronic mainframes; the other three names are not computers at all. Note the spelling: UNIVAC was a real machine, but UNIC is not.

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10.

What difference does the 5th generation computer have from other generation computers?

A.Technological advancement
B.Scientific code
C.Object Oriented Programming
D.All of the above

Answer: A

Correct answer: Technological advancement

The first four generations are each marked by a change of switching technology, and the fifth is marked in the same way - by very large scale integration and parallel processing put to the service of artificial intelligence. Object-oriented programming is a software development and belongs to no generation of hardware.

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