Modern Sources and British Expansion Questions and Answers

Q: This Act broke the trade monopoly of the East India Company and opened Indian Trade to all British Merchants :

The Act was the Charter Act, 1813.The Charter Act of 1813 renewed the East India Company's charter for twenty years but ended its monopoly of trade with India, opening it to all British merchants, while keeping its monopoly of the tea trade and trade with China. It also allotted a lakh of rupees a year for education.Pitt's India Act of 1784 set up the Board of Control, and the 1793 Act was a Charter Act, not a Regulating Act. There was no Charter Act of 1815; the Company's China monopoly ended with the Charter Act of 1833.

Q: The Sardesai of Kudal was accused of attacking and robbing Portuguese vessels at sea in :

The key gives 1726. I could not find a source stating the year of this accusation, so the answer could not be confirmed.What can be said is background. The chiefs of the Konkan coast around Kudal and Sawantwadi were repeatedly described in Portuguese and British records as sea raiders, and a Sawant chief of the period is recorded as a pirate leader with ships and several thousand men. A charge against the Sardesai of Kudal of robbing Portuguese vessels belongs to this early eighteenth-century setting.The four options (1726, 1728, 1761, 1763) fall in two pairs, and nothing I found separates them. The explanation therefore follows the key, and a reviewer should note that the exact year is unverified.

Q: Who was the Zamorin ?

The Zamorin was the ruler of the Calicut kingdom.Zamorin is the European form of Samoothiri (Samutiri), the title of the Hindu rulers of Calicut (Kozhikode) on the Malabar coast. Calicut was a rich port for the spice trade with Arab merchants, and it was the Zamorin whom Vasco da Gama met in 1498. The Zamorin's long conflict with the Portuguese, fought at sea by his admirals the Kunjali Marakkars, followed.Malindi's ruler, in East Africa, gave da Gama the pilot who guided him to India. Madurai was ruled by the Pandyas and later the Nayakas, and Goa was a Bijapur possession until the Portuguese took it in 1510; none of these rulers was called the Zamorin.

Q: In the 18th century, certain 'new states' came up in protest against the Mughals. Which of the following was not a new state ?

The one that was not a new state is Bengal.The states that emerged as the Mughal empire weakened in the eighteenth century are usually grouped in three ways. Successor states such as Bengal, Awadh and Hyderabad were old Mughal provinces whose governors became independent in practice while still acknowledging the emperor. The Rajput states built on their watan jagirs. The new states were created by groups that rose in rebellion against Mughal authority: the Marathas, the Sikhs in Punjab and the Jats around Agra and Bharatpur.Bengal under Murshid Quli Khan and Alivardi Khan grew out of the Mughal provincial administration rather than out of protest, so it is not a new state.

Q: Which of the following was not a base of the Portuguese in India ?

The place that was not a Portuguese base is Masulipatnam.Masulipatnam, the chief port of the Golconda kingdom on the Andhra coast, was where the Dutch (1605) and the English (1611) set up factories. The Portuguese never held it.The other three were Portuguese. Cochin was their first base in India, where Albuquerque built a fort in 1503. San Thome (Mylapore, now in Chennai) grew up as a Portuguese settlement around the shrine of St Thomas, and Nagapattinam on the Coromandel coast was a Portuguese settlement until the Dutch took it in 1658.

Q: This civil servant who later became the Governor of Bombay did not approve of Lord Dalhousie's policy of annexation.

The civil servant was Sir George Russel Clerk.George Russell Clerk, of the East India Company's civil service, served as political agent on the north-western frontier and as Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces, and was twice Governor of Bombay (1847-1848 and 1860-1862). The key identifies him as the official who did not approve of Dalhousie's annexations.The other options fail the first clue, that the man later became Governor of Bombay. Sir Hugh Rose was a soldier who commanded the Central India Field Force against Rani Lakshmibai and Tatya Tope in 1858 and later became Commander-in-Chief; he never governed Bombay. No Colonel Stewart or Major Ellis was ever Governor of Bombay.

Q: In 1845, the British purchased this Danish Fort in India :

The fort was Dansborg.Dansborg is the Danish fort at Tranquebar (Tharangambadi) on the Coromandel coast, built in 1620 by the Danish East India Company. In 1845 Denmark sold Tranquebar and its other Indian possession, Serampore in Bengal, to the British East India Company, ending Danish rule in India.Pondicherry was French, and remained so until 1954. Kronborg is a royal castle in Denmark itself, at Helsingor. Fort St George at Madras was English from the start in 1640.

Q: Which of the following can be found in the Surat Factory Records ?

The Surat Factory Records contain Inward and Outward Books.The English East India Company's factory at Surat, its chief establishment in western India in the seventeenth century, kept registers of the letters it received and the letters it sent, alongside its consultations and diaries. These inward and outward letter books are a core part of the records of the factory.The other options belong to other offices. India House correspondence was kept in London, at the Company's headquarters. The Inam Commission was a Bombay Presidency inquiry of the 1850s into rent-free land grants, long after Surat's heyday. Fort William correspondence is the record of the Bengal Presidency at Calcutta.

Q: In 1640, the English were given a grant of land which became their first fort in India. Which place was given to them ?

The place was Madras/Chennai.In 1639 Francis Day of the East India Company obtained a grant of a strip of coastal land from the local Nayaka, under the Vijayanagara ruler. Building began on Fort St George, and by 1640 it was the English's first fortified settlement in India. The town of Madras grew around it.Bombay came to the English only in 1661, as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry, and was handed to the Company in 1668. Calcutta was founded by Job Charnock in 1690, and Fort William built later in that decade. Rajapur was a trading post on the Konkan coast, not a fort.

91.

This Act broke the trade monopoly of the East India Company and opened Indian Trade to all British Merchants :

A.Pitts India Act, 1784
B.Regulating Act, 1793
C.Charter Act, 1813
D.Charter Act, 1815

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

The Act was the Charter Act, 1813.

The Charter Act of 1813 renewed the East India Company's charter for twenty years but ended its monopoly of trade with India, opening it to all British merchants, while keeping its monopoly of the tea trade and trade with China. It also allotted a lakh of rupees a year for education.

Pitt's India Act of 1784 set up the Board of Control, and the 1793 Act was a Charter Act, not a Regulating Act. There was no Charter Act of 1815; the Company's China monopoly ended with the Charter Act of 1833.

Discuss in Forum

92.

The Sardesai of Kudal was accused of attacking and robbing Portuguese vessels at sea in :

A.1726
B.1728
C.1761
D.1763

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The key gives 1726. I could not find a source stating the year of this accusation, so the answer could not be confirmed.

What can be said is background. The chiefs of the Konkan coast around Kudal and Sawantwadi were repeatedly described in Portuguese and British records as sea raiders, and a Sawant chief of the period is recorded as a pirate leader with ships and several thousand men. A charge against the Sardesai of Kudal of robbing Portuguese vessels belongs to this early eighteenth-century setting.

The four options (1726, 1728, 1761, 1763) fall in two pairs, and nothing I found separates them. The explanation therefore follows the key, and a reviewer should note that the exact year is unverified.

Discuss in Forum

93.

Who was the Zamorin ?

A.The ruler of Malindi in Africa
B.The ruler of the Calicut
C.The ruler of the Madurai kingdom
D.The deputy of the Bijapur Sultan in Goa

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The Zamorin was the ruler of the Calicut kingdom.

Zamorin is the European form of Samoothiri (Samutiri), the title of the Hindu rulers of Calicut (Kozhikode) on the Malabar coast. Calicut was a rich port for the spice trade with Arab merchants, and it was the Zamorin whom Vasco da Gama met in 1498. The Zamorin's long conflict with the Portuguese, fought at sea by his admirals the Kunjali Marakkars, followed.

Malindi's ruler, in East Africa, gave da Gama the pilot who guided him to India. Madurai was ruled by the Pandyas and later the Nayakas, and Goa was a Bijapur possession until the Portuguese took it in 1510; none of these rulers was called the Zamorin.

Discuss in Forum

94.

By which treaty did the Peshwa Bajirao II accept the Subsidiary alliance ?

A.Bassein (Vasai)
B.Hyderabad
C.Rakshastagdi
D.Poona

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

Bajirao II accepted the Subsidiary Alliance by the Treaty of Bassein (Vasai).

Defeated by Yashwantrao Holkar in 1802, Peshwa Bajirao II fled to the British and signed the Treaty of Bassein on 31 December 1802. He agreed to keep a British subsidiary force, cede territory for its upkeep, and conduct his foreign relations through the British. The treaty provoked the Second Anglo-Maratha War with Sindhia and the Bhonsle.

Hyderabad's Nizam had accepted a subsidiary alliance separately in 1798. Rakshasbhuvan (Rakshastagdi) was a battle of 1763 between the Peshwa and the Nizam, not a treaty with the British. The Treaty of Poona (1817) tightened British control later, after the alliance was already in force.

Discuss in Forum

95.

In the 18th century, certain 'new states' came up in protest against the Mughals. Which of the following was not a new state ?

A.The Jats
B.Bengal
C.Punjab
D.The Marathas

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The one that was not a new state is Bengal.

The states that emerged as the Mughal empire weakened in the eighteenth century are usually grouped in three ways. Successor states such as Bengal, Awadh and Hyderabad were old Mughal provinces whose governors became independent in practice while still acknowledging the emperor. The Rajput states built on their watan jagirs. The new states were created by groups that rose in rebellion against Mughal authority: the Marathas, the Sikhs in Punjab and the Jats around Agra and Bharatpur.

Bengal under Murshid Quli Khan and Alivardi Khan grew out of the Mughal provincial administration rather than out of protest, so it is not a new state.

Discuss in Forum

96.

Which of the following was not a base of the Portuguese in India ?

A.Nagapattinam
B.San Thomé
C.Masulipatnam
D.Cochin

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The place that was not a Portuguese base is Masulipatnam.

Masulipatnam, the chief port of the Golconda kingdom on the Andhra coast, was where the Dutch (1605) and the English (1611) set up factories. The Portuguese never held it.

The other three were Portuguese. Cochin was their first base in India, where Albuquerque built a fort in 1503. San Thome (Mylapore, now in Chennai) grew up as a Portuguese settlement around the shrine of St Thomas, and Nagapattinam on the Coromandel coast was a Portuguese settlement until the Dutch took it in 1658.

Discuss in Forum

97.

This civil servant who later became the Governor of Bombay did not approve of Lord Dalhousie's policy of annexation.

A.Sir George Russel Clerk
B.Colonel Stewart
C.Sir Hugh Rose
D.Major Ellis

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The civil servant was Sir George Russel Clerk.

George Russell Clerk, of the East India Company's civil service, served as political agent on the north-western frontier and as Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces, and was twice Governor of Bombay (1847-1848 and 1860-1862). The key identifies him as the official who did not approve of Dalhousie's annexations.

The other options fail the first clue, that the man later became Governor of Bombay. Sir Hugh Rose was a soldier who commanded the Central India Field Force against Rani Lakshmibai and Tatya Tope in 1858 and later became Commander-in-Chief; he never governed Bombay. No Colonel Stewart or Major Ellis was ever Governor of Bombay.

Discuss in Forum

98.

In 1845, the British purchased this Danish Fort in India :

A.Pondicherry
B.Dansborg
C.Kronborg
D.Fort St George

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The fort was Dansborg.

Dansborg is the Danish fort at Tranquebar (Tharangambadi) on the Coromandel coast, built in 1620 by the Danish East India Company. In 1845 Denmark sold Tranquebar and its other Indian possession, Serampore in Bengal, to the British East India Company, ending Danish rule in India.

Pondicherry was French, and remained so until 1954. Kronborg is a royal castle in Denmark itself, at Helsingor. Fort St George at Madras was English from the start in 1640.

Discuss in Forum

99.

Which of the following can be found in the Surat Factory Records ?

A.India House Correspondence
B.Inam Commission Documents
C.Fort William Correspondence
D.Inward and Outward Books

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: D

The Surat Factory Records contain Inward and Outward Books.

The English East India Company's factory at Surat, its chief establishment in western India in the seventeenth century, kept registers of the letters it received and the letters it sent, alongside its consultations and diaries. These inward and outward letter books are a core part of the records of the factory.

The other options belong to other offices. India House correspondence was kept in London, at the Company's headquarters. The Inam Commission was a Bombay Presidency inquiry of the 1850s into rent-free land grants, long after Surat's heyday. Fort William correspondence is the record of the Bengal Presidency at Calcutta.

Discuss in Forum

100.

In 1640, the English were given a grant of land which became their first fort in India. Which place was given to them ?

A.Madras/Chennai
B.Calcutta/Kolkata
C.Bombay/Mumbai
D.Rajapur

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The place was Madras/Chennai.

In 1639 Francis Day of the East India Company obtained a grant of a strip of coastal land from the local Nayaka, under the Vijayanagara ruler. Building began on Fort St George, and by 1640 it was the English's first fortified settlement in India. The town of Madras grew around it.

Bombay came to the English only in 1661, as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry, and was handed to the Company in 1668. Calcutta was founded by Job Charnock in 1690, and Fort William built later in that decade. Rajapur was a trading post on the Konkan coast, not a fort.

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