Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Answer: D

The answer is all of the above.

Amazon's Alexa, Apple's Siri and Microsoft's Cortana are all virtual assistants. Each uses artificial intelligence: speech recognition to convert voice into text, natural language processing to work out what the user wants, and machine learning to improve its responses over time.

Since every one of the three uses AI, picking only one would be incomplete.

Answer: B

A byte has 8 bits.

A bit is a single binary digit, 0 or 1. A byte, the basic unit of computer memory and storage, is a group of eight bits, so it can represent \(2^{8} = 256\) different values, enough to encode one character in standard character sets such as ASCII and its extensions.

Four bits make a nibble (half a byte). Sixteen and thirty-two bits are common word sizes for processors, that is two and four bytes, not one.

Answer: C

The primary function of actuators is to convert stored energy into movement.

In a robot, actuators are the 'muscles': electric motors, hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic devices that take energy from electricity, pressurised fluid or compressed air and turn it into motion of the robot's joints, wheels or grippers, as directed by the controller.

Sensing information is the job of sensors, storing energy that of batteries or accumulators, and controlling communication that of the robot's controller and its communication modules.

Answer: A

The technique is correlation.

Correlation measures how strongly two variables are related, that is, how one piece of data changes as another changes, giving a coefficient between -1 and +1. It is a basic statistical tool of data mining and AI.

A decision tree classifies data through a sequence of decisions, and genetic algorithms search for solutions by imitating natural selection. 'Fuzzy tree' is not a standard technique. None of these is specifically about measuring how one item of data is linked to another.

Answer: D

The answer is All of the above.

Machine translation (such as automatic translation between Hindi and English), speech recognition (voice assistants and dictation) and product recommendation (online shopping and streaming suggestions) are all everyday applications of artificial intelligence.

Each relies on machine learning from large data sets, so every one of the three is an application of AI, and choosing any one alone would be incomplete.

Answer: B

A terabyte holds 1024 × 1024 megabytes.

In binary units each step up is a factor of 1024:

\[ \begin{aligned} 1\ \text{TB} &= 1024\ \text{GB} \\ 1\ \text{GB} &= 1024\ \text{MB} \\ 1\ \text{TB} &= 1024 \times 1024\ \text{MB} \end{aligned} \]

1024 alone is the number of gigabytes in a terabyte. 1024 × 1024 × 1024 is the number of kilobytes in a terabyte, and four factors give the number of bytes.

Answer: A

The test is the Turing Test.

Proposed by Alan Turing in 1950 as the 'imitation game', it asks whether a human judge, conversing in text with a hidden machine and a hidden human, can reliably tell which is which. A machine that cannot be distinguished is said to show human-level intelligent behaviour.

Machine learning and deep learning are methods for building AI systems, and robotics is a field of engineering; none of them is a test of whether a machine matches human intelligence.

Answer: D

This is Collaborative Filtering.

Collaborative filtering is a recommendation technique that predicts what a user will like by collecting preferences from many users and finding people with similar tastes. If users who liked the same books as you also liked another book, it is recommended to you; online shops and streaming services use it.

Social networking is connecting people, social targeting is aiming advertisements at groups, and collaborative publishing is the joint creation of content. None of them is the prediction method described.

Answer: B

'The Imitation Game' was the original name of The Turing Test.

In his 1950 paper 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence', Alan Turing proposed the 'imitation game', in which an interrogator tries to tell a machine from a human by questioning them in writing. It is now called the Turing test.

LISP is a programming language created by John McCarthy, and the halting problem is a different result of Turing's (1936) about computability, so 'All of the above' is wrong too.

Answer: D

The branch of Artificial Intelligence is Machine Learning.

Machine learning is the part of AI concerned with systems that learn from data, improving their performance without being explicitly programmed for each task. Deep learning is in turn a part of machine learning.

Network design is a field of networking, cyber forensics a field of security, and a full-stack developer is a job role in software development, not a branch of AI.