Child and Human Development Questions and Answers

Q: Fixation of ovum to the uterine wall is known as :

It is known as implantation.After fertilisation in the fallopian tube, the zygote divides and travels to the uterus as a blastocyst. About six to ten days after ovulation it embeds itself in the thickened endometrium, the lining of the uterine wall. This attachment is implantation, and from it the placenta develops.Conception is the fertilisation of the ovum by a sperm, which comes before implantation. Menarche is the first menstrual period at puberty, and menopause is the permanent end of menstruation.

Q: Personal fable :

The personal fable is the tendency to think of themselves in heroic terms.David Elkind described two features of adolescent egocentrism. In the personal fable, adolescents believe their experiences, feelings and destiny are unique, and that they are special or even invulnerable, the hero of their own story. It can lead to risk-taking, from the belief that 'it won't happen to me'.Creating an imaginary audience is Elkind's other concept, the belief that everyone is watching and judging them. The tendency to exaggerate is not the term's meaning, and a system of rules and morality refers to moral development, as in Piaget and Kohlberg.

Q: Flynn effect is :

The Flynn effect is the steady increase of IQ from one generation to next.James Flynn showed that average scores on intelligence tests rose steadily through the twentieth century in many countries, by about three IQ points per decade, so tests had to be renormed again and again. Better nutrition, more schooling, smaller families and a more cognitively demanding environment are among the explanations offered.The other options describe the opposite or a halt. A decrease, a negative effect or a plateau is not the Flynn effect, though some recent studies report a slowing or reversal in a few countries.

Q: Which of the following best describes Freuds psychoanalytical theory ?

Freud's theory is best described by three levels of consciousness with an iceberg.Freud divided the mind into the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious, often pictured as an iceberg: the conscious is the small part above water, the preconscious lies just below the surface, and the vast unconscious is hidden beneath. Unconscious wishes and conflicts drive much of behaviour in his psychoanalytic theory.The other options describe other theorists. Levels of needs is Maslow's hierarchy, cognition developing through interaction fits Piaget and Vygotsky, and eight stages each with a crisis is Erikson's psychosocial theory.

Q: Tendencies of adolescence which are prominently reoccurring referred as second adolescence comes at :

The 'second adolescence' comes at the adulthood stage.Middle age, roughly the forties and fifties, is sometimes called a second adolescence. As in the teens, people go through physical changes, re-examine their identity, goals and relationships, and may show restlessness or a midlife crisis, so the tendencies of adolescence reappear.It cannot come at the adolescence stage itself, which would be the first adolescence. The old old stage, usually 85 and above, and the preschool stage do not show this recurrence.

Q: Genetic disorder that lead to dramatically accelerated aging (premature) are :

The disorders are Werner syndrome and progeria.Both are rare genetic disorders that dramatically accelerate ageing. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria starts in early childhood, with children showing hair loss, aged-looking skin and heart disease, and is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene. Werner syndrome, or adult progeria, begins in adolescence or early adulthood and is caused by mutations in the WRN gene.Lamin A gene and WRN gene are the genes involved, not the disorders the question asks for, and 'contaminated gene' is not a genetic term.

Q: Gradual decrease in regular activities during elderly period is scientifically studied in :

It is studied in disengagement theory.Disengagement theory, proposed by Cumming and Henry in 1961, holds that in old age people gradually withdraw from social roles and regular activities, and that society withdraws from them in turn. It treats this mutual withdrawal as natural and inevitable.Activity theory takes the opposite view: older people stay happier when they remain active and keep their roles. 'Engagement' is the idea activity theory promotes, not the study of decline. Wear and tear theory is a biological theory that the body ages because its cells and tissues wear out with use.

Q: If brain death occurs, a person still remains alive in this condition because :

The answer is the autonomic processes are governed by the brain stem.Breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure and other vital autonomic functions are controlled by centres in the brain stem, chiefly the medulla oblongata and pons. When the higher brain, the cerebral cortex, stops functioning but the brain stem still works, as in a persistent vegetative state, the body continues to breathe and the heart continues to beat, so the person remains alive in a biological sense.The cortex governs thought, sensation and voluntary action, not autonomic functions, and 'autoplasia' and 'neuroplasia' are not mechanisms that sustain life. (Strictly, if the brain stem itself dies, as in whole-brain death, the body survives only on a ventilator.)

Q: Family environments affect siblings differently, which is known as ........

This is non-shared environmental influences.Behaviour genetics divides environmental influence into shared and non-shared parts. Non-shared influences are the experiences that make siblings in the same family different from each other, such as birth order, different treatment by parents, different friends, teachers and illnesses.Shared environmental influences are those siblings have in common, such as the parents' income, the home and the neighbourhood, which tend to make them alike. 'Family environmental influences' and 'filial influences' are general phrases, not the technical term for experiences that differ between siblings.

Q: According to which theory, humans are driven by inborn instincts of which they are largely unconscious ?

This is psychoanalytical theory.Sigmund Freud held that behaviour is driven by inborn instincts, chiefly sexual and aggressive drives of the id, and that people are largely unaware of these forces because they operate in the unconscious mind. Development passes through psychosexual stages shaped by how these drives are met.Erikson's psychosocial theory stresses social and cultural influences over the life span, Piaget's cognitive development theory concerns how thinking develops, and learning theory explains behaviour as learned from the environment rather than driven by instincts.

61.

Fixation of ovum to the uterine wall is known as :

A.Menopause
B.Conception
C.Menarche
D.Implantation

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: D

It is known as implantation.

After fertilisation in the fallopian tube, the zygote divides and travels to the uterus as a blastocyst. About six to ten days after ovulation it embeds itself in the thickened endometrium, the lining of the uterine wall. This attachment is implantation, and from it the placenta develops.

Conception is the fertilisation of the ovum by a sperm, which comes before implantation. Menarche is the first menstrual period at puberty, and menopause is the permanent end of menstruation.

Discuss in Forum

62.

Personal fable :

A.Tendency to think of themselves in heroic terms
B.Creating imaginary audience
C.Tendency to exaggerate
D.A system of rules and all morality

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The personal fable is the tendency to think of themselves in heroic terms.

David Elkind described two features of adolescent egocentrism. In the personal fable, adolescents believe their experiences, feelings and destiny are unique, and that they are special or even invulnerable, the hero of their own story. It can lead to risk-taking, from the belief that 'it won't happen to me'.

Creating an imaginary audience is Elkind's other concept, the belief that everyone is watching and judging them. The tendency to exaggerate is not the term's meaning, and a system of rules and morality refers to moral development, as in Piaget and Kohlberg.

Discuss in Forum

63.

Flynn effect is :

A.Steady decrease of IQ from one generation to next
B.Negative effect of intellectual development
C.Steady increase of IQ from one generation to next
D.Plateau in intellectual development

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The Flynn effect is the steady increase of IQ from one generation to next.

James Flynn showed that average scores on intelligence tests rose steadily through the twentieth century in many countries, by about three IQ points per decade, so tests had to be renormed again and again. Better nutrition, more schooling, smaller families and a more cognitively demanding environment are among the explanations offered.

The other options describe the opposite or a halt. A decrease, a negative effect or a plateau is not the Flynn effect, though some recent studies report a slowing or reversal in a few countries.

Discuss in Forum

64.

Which of the following best describes Freuds psychoanalytical theory ?

A.He is best known for identifying levels of needs
B.States three level of consciousness with an iceberg
C.He outlined how cognition or thinking abilities develop as result of interactions
D.He identified eight stages each of which posed a crisis to be resolved

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

Freud's theory is best described by three levels of consciousness with an iceberg.

Freud divided the mind into the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious, often pictured as an iceberg: the conscious is the small part above water, the preconscious lies just below the surface, and the vast unconscious is hidden beneath. Unconscious wishes and conflicts drive much of behaviour in his psychoanalytic theory.

The other options describe other theorists. Levels of needs is Maslow's hierarchy, cognition developing through interaction fits Piaget and Vygotsky, and eight stages each with a crisis is Erikson's psychosocial theory.

Discuss in Forum

65.

Tendencies of adolescence which are prominently reoccurring referred as second adolescence comes at :

A.Adolescence stage
B.Adulthood stage
C.Old old stage
D.Preschool stage

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The 'second adolescence' comes at the adulthood stage.

Middle age, roughly the forties and fifties, is sometimes called a second adolescence. As in the teens, people go through physical changes, re-examine their identity, goals and relationships, and may show restlessness or a midlife crisis, so the tendencies of adolescence reappear.

It cannot come at the adolescence stage itself, which would be the first adolescence. The old old stage, usually 85 and above, and the preschool stage do not show this recurrence.

Discuss in Forum

66.

Genetic disorder that lead to dramatically accelerated aging (premature) are :

A.Werner syndrome and progeria
B.Lamin A Gene
C.WRN Gene
D.Contaminated Gene

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The disorders are Werner syndrome and progeria.

Both are rare genetic disorders that dramatically accelerate ageing. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria starts in early childhood, with children showing hair loss, aged-looking skin and heart disease, and is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene. Werner syndrome, or adult progeria, begins in adolescence or early adulthood and is caused by mutations in the WRN gene.

Lamin A gene and WRN gene are the genes involved, not the disorders the question asks for, and 'contaminated gene' is not a genetic term.

Discuss in Forum

67.

Gradual decrease in regular activities during elderly period is scientifically studied in :

A.Wear and Tear theory
B.Activities theory
C.Engagement theory
D.Disengagement theory

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: D

It is studied in disengagement theory.

Disengagement theory, proposed by Cumming and Henry in 1961, holds that in old age people gradually withdraw from social roles and regular activities, and that society withdraws from them in turn. It treats this mutual withdrawal as natural and inevitable.

Activity theory takes the opposite view: older people stay happier when they remain active and keep their roles. 'Engagement' is the idea activity theory promotes, not the study of decline. Wear and tear theory is a biological theory that the body ages because its cells and tissues wear out with use.

Discuss in Forum

68.

If brain death occurs, a person still remains alive in this condition because :

A.autoplasia stimulates the autonomic processes
B.Neuroplasia stimulates the autonomic processes
C.the autonomic processes are governed by the brain stem
D.the autonomic processes are governed by the cortex

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The answer is the autonomic processes are governed by the brain stem.

Breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure and other vital autonomic functions are controlled by centres in the brain stem, chiefly the medulla oblongata and pons. When the higher brain, the cerebral cortex, stops functioning but the brain stem still works, as in a persistent vegetative state, the body continues to breathe and the heart continues to beat, so the person remains alive in a biological sense.

The cortex governs thought, sensation and voluntary action, not autonomic functions, and 'autoplasia' and 'neuroplasia' are not mechanisms that sustain life. (Strictly, if the brain stem itself dies, as in whole-brain death, the body survives only on a ventilator.)

Discuss in Forum

69.

Family environments affect siblings differently, which is known as ........

A.Shared environmental influences
B.Non-shared environmental influences
C.Family environmental influences
D.Filial influences

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

This is non-shared environmental influences.

Behaviour genetics divides environmental influence into shared and non-shared parts. Non-shared influences are the experiences that make siblings in the same family different from each other, such as birth order, different treatment by parents, different friends, teachers and illnesses.

Shared environmental influences are those siblings have in common, such as the parents' income, the home and the neighbourhood, which tend to make them alike. 'Family environmental influences' and 'filial influences' are general phrases, not the technical term for experiences that differ between siblings.

Discuss in Forum

70.

According to which theory, humans are driven by inborn instincts of which they are largely unconscious ?

A.Psychoanalytical theory
B.Psychosocial theory
C.Cognitive development theory
D.Learning theory

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

This is psychoanalytical theory.

Sigmund Freud held that behaviour is driven by inborn instincts, chiefly sexual and aggressive drives of the id, and that people are largely unaware of these forces because they operate in the unconscious mind. Development passes through psychosexual stages shaped by how these drives are met.

Erikson's psychosocial theory stresses social and cultural influences over the life span, Piaget's cognitive development theory concerns how thinking develops, and learning theory explains behaviour as learned from the environment rather than driven by instincts.

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