Geomorphology Questions and Answers

Q: Imagine if the earth is not inclined towards the plane of its orbit, thenA. the circle of illumination will match with longitudinal lines.B. the circle of illumination will match with latitudinal lines.C. there will be no seasonal variation in a particular region.D. there will be more seasonal variation in a particular region.Choose the correct option.

The correct statements are A and C, so the answer is A and C.The circle of illumination divides day from night. Because the Earth's axis is tilted, this circle does not pass through the poles, which is why days and nights differ in length and seasons change. If the axis were not inclined, the circle of illumination would pass through both poles and so would match the longitudinal lines (A). Every place would get twelve hours of day and night all year and the Sun's rays would strike each latitude at the same angle all year, so there would be no seasonal variation (C).B is wrong because latitudes run east-west and cannot divide day from night, and D is the opposite of what would happen.

Q: Our solar family consists of following celestial bodies :

The solar family is the Sun, planets, satellites, asteroids and meteoroites (spelt 'Meteroites' in the paper).The solar system consists of the Sun at the centre and the bodies held by its gravity: the eight planets, their satellites (moons), the asteroids (mostly between Mars and Jupiter), comets and meteoroids.Constellations, the Pole Star and the Saptarishi (the Great Bear) are groups of distant stars far outside the solar system, so every option containing them is wrong.

Q: The depositional feature of a glacier is called :

The depositional feature of a glacier is a moraine.As a glacier moves, it carries rocks, boulders, sand and silt. When it melts, this material is deposited in ridges and mounds called moraines, along its sides, at its snout and beneath it.A sea cave is an erosional feature of waves, loess is fine dust deposited by wind, and levees are natural embankments built by a river when it floods.

Q: What determines the thickness of soil profile ?

The thickness of the soil profile is determined by time.Soil forms slowly by the weathering of rock and the addition of organic matter. Parent rock, climate, relief and living organisms decide what kind of soil forms, but the NCERT textbook names time as the factor that determines the thickness of the soil profile: the longer the soil has been forming, the deeper it is.Relief, flora and fauna, and climate influence the nature and rate of soil formation, but the key follows the textbook in linking thickness to time.

Q: The volume of the earth consists of the following :(a) 1% Crust(b) 84% Mantle(c) 15% CoreChoose the correct option from the following :

All (a), (b) and (c) are correct.The standard textbook figures for the earth's volume are: crust about 1%, mantle about 84% and core about 15%. The crust is very thin compared with the whole planet, the mantle makes up most of the earth's volume, and the core is the rest.The three figures add up to 100%, so no part of the statement set can be dropped, ruling out the options that accept only two of them.

Q: Which one/are of the following mountains is/are considered to be volcanic in origin ?(a) Mt. Kilimanjaro(b) Fujiyama(c) The AlpsChoose the correct option :

The volcanic mountains are (a) and (b), Kilimanjaro and Fujiyama.Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and Mount Fuji (Fujiyama) in Japan are stratovolcanoes, built up by layers of lava and ash from eruptions.The Alps are fold mountains formed by the collision of the African and Eurasian plates, so any option containing (c) is wrong.

Q: Consider the following sentences (A) and (B) about motions of the Earth and choose the correct option :(A) Rotation is the movement of the earth on its axis.(B) The axis of the Earth which is an imaginary line, makes an angle of 33½° with its orbital plane.Choose the correct option :

The answer is Only (A) is correct.Statement A is correct: rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its axis, which takes about 24 hours and causes day and night.Statement B is wrong because of the angle. The Earth's axis makes an angle of 66½° with its orbital plane; equivalently it is tilted 23½° from the perpendicular to that plane. 33½° matches neither figure. (Note that 66½° and 23½° add up to 90°, a handy check.) So only A is correct.

Q: Match the following pairs and choose the appropriate option :RocksOrigin/formation(a) Igneous Rocks(i) Change under great heat and pressure(b) Sedimentary Rocks(ii) Molten Magma(c) Metamorphic Rocks(iii) Deposition by wind and waterChoose the correct option :

The correct matching is (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i).Igneous rocks form when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies, as granite and basalt do (ii). Sedimentary rocks form when particles carried by wind, water and ice are deposited in layers and compressed, as sandstone and shale are (iii). Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are changed under great heat and pressure, as limestone becomes marble and clay becomes slate (i).The other options assign at least one of these processes to the wrong rock type; for example option A makes igneous rocks the product of heat and pressure, which is metamorphism.

Q: Match the following columns and choose the appropriate option :Sphere of the EarthFeature(a) Lithosphere(i) Plant and Animal Kingdom(b) Hydrosphere(ii) Made up of rocks and minerals(c) Atmosphere(iii) Various sources of water(d) Biosphere(iv) Thin layer of Air

The correct matching is (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i).The Earth has four domains. The lithosphere is the solid crust, made up of rocks and minerals (ii). The hydrosphere is all the water, oceans, rivers, lakes, ice and groundwater, in its various sources (iii). The atmosphere is the thin layer of air surrounding the Earth (iv). The biosphere is the narrow zone where the other three meet and life exists: the plant and animal kingdom (i).Option A pairs every sphere with the wrong feature, and options C and D shift the pairs round, so only B matches all four.

Q: The rocks that were formed 300 million years after the earth was formed, is :

These rocks are located in Western Australia.The oldest known pieces of the Earth's crust are tiny zircon crystals from the Jack Hills of Western Australia, dated to about 4.4 billion years, only a few hundred million years after the Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. Very old rock formations of the Pilbara and Yilgarn regions are also found there.Such rocks are the oldest in the world, not the youngest, so option A reverses the fact. The Himalaya is a young fold mountain range, and Eastern Europe is not where the oldest known rocks occur.

31.

Imagine if the earth is not inclined towards the plane of its orbit, then

A. the circle of illumination will match with longitudinal lines.
B. the circle of illumination will match with latitudinal lines.
C. there will be no seasonal variation in a particular region.
D. there will be more seasonal variation in a particular region.

Choose the correct option.

A.A and C
B.A and D
C.B and C
D.B and D

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2021,

Answer: A

The correct statements are A and C, so the answer is A and C.

The circle of illumination divides day from night. Because the Earth's axis is tilted, this circle does not pass through the poles, which is why days and nights differ in length and seasons change. If the axis were not inclined, the circle of illumination would pass through both poles and so would match the longitudinal lines (A). Every place would get twelve hours of day and night all year and the Sun's rays would strike each latitude at the same angle all year, so there would be no seasonal variation (C).

B is wrong because latitudes run east-west and cannot divide day from night, and D is the opposite of what would happen.

Discuss in Forum

32.

Our solar family consists of following celestial bodies :

A.Constellations, Planets, Sun
B.Satellites, Planets, Pole star
C.Sun, Planets, Satellites, Asteroids, Meteroites
D.Planets, Satellites, Asteroids, Saptarishi

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: C

The solar family is the Sun, planets, satellites, asteroids and meteoroites (spelt 'Meteroites' in the paper).

The solar system consists of the Sun at the centre and the bodies held by its gravity: the eight planets, their satellites (moons), the asteroids (mostly between Mars and Jupiter), comets and meteoroids.

Constellations, the Pole Star and the Saptarishi (the Great Bear) are groups of distant stars far outside the solar system, so every option containing them is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

33.

The depositional feature of a glacier is called :

A.Sea cave
B.Moraine
C.Loess
D.Levees

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: B

The depositional feature of a glacier is a moraine.

As a glacier moves, it carries rocks, boulders, sand and silt. When it melts, this material is deposited in ridges and mounds called moraines, along its sides, at its snout and beneath it.

A sea cave is an erosional feature of waves, loess is fine dust deposited by wind, and levees are natural embankments built by a river when it floods.

Discuss in Forum

34.

What determines the thickness of soil profile ?

A.Relief
B.Time
C.Flora-Fauna
D.Climate

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: B

The thickness of the soil profile is determined by time.

Soil forms slowly by the weathering of rock and the addition of organic matter. Parent rock, climate, relief and living organisms decide what kind of soil forms, but the NCERT textbook names time as the factor that determines the thickness of the soil profile: the longer the soil has been forming, the deeper it is.

Relief, flora and fauna, and climate influence the nature and rate of soil formation, but the key follows the textbook in linking thickness to time.

Discuss in Forum

35.

The volume of the earth consists of the following :

(a) 1% Crust
(b) 84% Mantle
(c) 15% Core

Choose the correct option from the following :

A.Only (a) and (b) are correct.
B.Only (b) and (c) are correct.
C.Only (a) and (c) are correct.
D.All (a), (b) and (c) are correct.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: D

All (a), (b) and (c) are correct.

The standard textbook figures for the earth's volume are: crust about 1%, mantle about 84% and core about 15%. The crust is very thin compared with the whole planet, the mantle makes up most of the earth's volume, and the core is the rest.

The three figures add up to 100%, so no part of the statement set can be dropped, ruling out the options that accept only two of them.

Discuss in Forum

36.

Which one/are of the following mountains is/are considered to be volcanic in origin ?

(a) Mt. Kilimanjaro
(b) Fujiyama
(c) The Alps

Choose the correct option :

A.(a) and (c)
B.(b) and (c)
C.Only (c)
D.(a) and (b)

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: D

The volcanic mountains are (a) and (b), Kilimanjaro and Fujiyama.

Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and Mount Fuji (Fujiyama) in Japan are stratovolcanoes, built up by layers of lava and ash from eruptions.

The Alps are fold mountains formed by the collision of the African and Eurasian plates, so any option containing (c) is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

37.

Consider the following sentences (A) and (B) about motions of the Earth and choose the correct option :

(A) Rotation is the movement of the earth on its axis.
(B) The axis of the Earth which is an imaginary line, makes an angle of 33½° with its orbital plane.

Choose the correct option :

A.Only (A) is correct
B.Only (B) is correct
C.Both (A) and (B) are correct
D.Both (A) and (B) are incorrect

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: A

The answer is Only (A) is correct.

Statement A is correct: rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its axis, which takes about 24 hours and causes day and night.

Statement B is wrong because of the angle. The Earth's axis makes an angle of 66½° with its orbital plane; equivalently it is tilted 23½° from the perpendicular to that plane. 33½° matches neither figure. (Note that 66½° and 23½° add up to 90°, a handy check.) So only A is correct.

Discuss in Forum

38.

Match the following pairs and choose the appropriate option :

Rocks	Origin/formation
(a) Igneous Rocks	(i) Change under great heat and pressure
(b) Sedimentary Rocks	(ii) Molten Magma
(c) Metamorphic Rocks	(iii) Deposition by wind and water

Choose the correct option :

A.(a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii)
B.(a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i)
C.(a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii)
D.(a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii)

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

The correct matching is (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i).

Igneous rocks form when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies, as granite and basalt do (ii). Sedimentary rocks form when particles carried by wind, water and ice are deposited in layers and compressed, as sandstone and shale are (iii). Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are changed under great heat and pressure, as limestone becomes marble and clay becomes slate (i).

The other options assign at least one of these processes to the wrong rock type; for example option A makes igneous rocks the product of heat and pressure, which is metamorphism.

Discuss in Forum

39.

Match the following columns and choose the appropriate option :

Sphere of the Earth	Feature
(a) Lithosphere	(i) Plant and Animal Kingdom
(b) Hydrosphere	(ii) Made up of rocks and minerals
(c) Atmosphere	(iii) Various sources of water
(d) Biosphere	(iv) Thin layer of Air

A.(a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B.(a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C.(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
D.(a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

The correct matching is (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i).

The Earth has four domains. The lithosphere is the solid crust, made up of rocks and minerals (ii). The hydrosphere is all the water, oceans, rivers, lakes, ice and groundwater, in its various sources (iii). The atmosphere is the thin layer of air surrounding the Earth (iv). The biosphere is the narrow zone where the other three meet and life exists: the plant and animal kingdom (i).

Option A pairs every sphere with the wrong feature, and options C and D shift the pairs round, so only B matches all four.

Discuss in Forum

40.

The rocks that were formed 300 million years after the earth was formed, is :

A.considered as youngest rocks in the world
B.located in Western Australia
C.located in Eastern Europe
D.located in the Himalayan region

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

These rocks are located in Western Australia.

The oldest known pieces of the Earth's crust are tiny zircon crystals from the Jack Hills of Western Australia, dated to about 4.4 billion years, only a few hundred million years after the Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. Very old rock formations of the Pilbara and Yilgarn regions are also found there.

Such rocks are the oldest in the world, not the youngest, so option A reverses the fact. The Himalaya is a young fold mountain range, and Eastern Europe is not where the oldest known rocks occur.

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