Learner and Learning Process Questions and Answers

Q: ........................ primary mental ability is not included in Thurstone's multifactor intelligence theory.

The ability not included is musical.L. L. Thurstone, using factor analysis, proposed seven primary mental abilities: verbal comprehension, word fluency, number, spatial visualisation, perceptual speed, associative memory and reasoning. Intelligence, in his view, was a profile across these abilities rather than a single general factor.Musical ability appears as a separate intelligence in Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (1983), not in Thurstone's list. Verbal ability, through verbal comprehension, is one of Thurstone's abilities, so it cannot be the answer.

Q: Suraj is trying to solve the mathematical example but he can't solve it. Suddenly he get clue and solve the example. This is .................. type of learning.

This is insight learning.Insight learning, studied by Wolfgang Kohler with chimpanzees (Sultan joining two sticks to reach a banana), is the sudden grasp of the relationships in a problem after a period in which the solution does not come. The answer appears all at once, the 'aha' experience, rather than gradually through trial and error, and once found it is remembered and transferred to similar problems. Suraj's sudden clue after failure fits this exactly.Logical learning would proceed step by step. Discovery learning is a teaching approach in which pupils find principles for themselves, and co-operative learning means learning in groups.

Q: The new concept of latent learning was propagated by ....................... in his learning theory.

Latent learning was propagated by Tolman.In Tolman and Honzik's maze experiments (1930), rats that explored a maze for days without any food reward made many errors, but as soon as food was introduced their performance at once matched that of rats rewarded throughout. They had learnt the maze all along, forming a cognitive map, but the learning stayed latent until there was a reason to show it. Tolman concluded that reinforcement affects performance rather than learning itself.Skinner, Thorndike and Hull all made reinforcement central to learning, which latent learning was used to challenge.

Q: The greatest contribution of Hull's theory is ....................... .

On the key's reading, Hull's greatest contribution is linking the learning to the needs of the children.Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory holds that behaviour is set in motion by drives arising from needs, and that responses which reduce a need are reinforced and learnt. For education this means that learning is effective when it is connected with the learner's needs and when satisfying them acts as the reward, which is the implication the key singles out.Drive strength, habit strength and incentive motivation are terms within Hull's mathematical formula for reaction potential. They are parts of the theory rather than its contribution to education.

Q: Priya apply the values taught in a classroom at daily life purposely and faithfully. This behaviour is related to .......................theory of transfer of learning.

The behaviour relates to Bagley's theory of transfer.W. C. Bagley's theory of ideals holds that transfer of learning takes place when what is learnt becomes an ideal the learner consciously accepts and values. A pupil taught neatness in arithmetic will be neat elsewhere only if neatness has become her ideal. Priya applying classroom values in daily life purposely and faithfully is transfer through ideals.Thorndike's theory explains transfer by identical elements shared between situations, and Judd's by generalisation of principles. The theory of formal (mental) discipline, associated with Locke, holds that training a faculty transfers automatically. None of these rests on consciously adopted values.

Q: Every personality is the end-product of this process of ....................... .

The key's answer is learning and acquisition.The sentence calls personality the end-product of a process, and of the four pairs only this one names how a person comes to have traits: they are acquired through learning from experience. The more usual textbook statement is that personality is the product of heredity and environment, which is not among the options, and I could not find a source for the keyed phrase itself; what follows is the reading the key implies.The pairs with motivation add a drive or need, which is one factor in behaviour and not the process that forms a whole personality; heredity and motivation and environment and motivation each leave out one of the two basic influences.

Q: According to Cattell, curiosity and dependability are the examples of .................... type of trait.

According to the key, curiosity and dependability are surface traits.Raymond Cattell distinguished surface traits, clusters of behaviour that can be observed directly and that tend to go together in everyday conduct, from source traits, the deeper underlying factors, found by factor analysis, that cause them. His 16 Personality Factor questionnaire measures source traits. Curiosity and dependability are visible patterns of behaviour, so they are given as examples of surface traits.Common and unique traits are a different classification, shared by many people or peculiar to one, used by Allport and also by Cattell. Source traits are the underlying factors, not the observable behaviours.

Q: .......................... psychologist stated that 'Mental hygiene is a science'.

The statement is from Crow and Crow.Lester and Alice Crow defined mental hygiene as a science that deals with human welfare and pervades all fields of human relationships. Their definition is the one Indian educational psychology textbooks quote, stressing that mental hygiene is a systematic body of knowledge concerned with preserving mental health and preventing disorder, not merely with treating illness.James Drever is best known for his dictionary of psychology. D. B. Klein and Shaffer also wrote on mental hygiene and adjustment, but the definition calling mental hygiene a science that the textbooks quote is the Crows'.

Q: Rahul always says to his friend that he is intimately acquainted with the district education officers. Here .................. defence mechanism was used by Rahul.

Rahul is using identification.Identification is a defence mechanism in which a person raises his own sense of worth by associating himself with important people, groups or institutions and taking on some of their status. Rahul's repeated claims of close acquaintance with district education officers borrow their importance to make himself feel and appear significant.Rationalization means giving a plausible but false excuse for one's behaviour or failure. Projection means attributing one's own faults or unacceptable feelings to others. Delusion is a fixed false belief, a symptom of mental disorder rather than an ordinary defence mechanism.

Q: Virat can measure, classify, compare different things then he is at............... as per Piaget’s theory.

Virat is at the concrete operational stage.In Piaget's theory, the concrete operational stage (about 7 to 11 years) is when the child can perform logical operations on concrete objects: classification (grouping by common properties), seriation (ordering by size or weight), conservation, and measuring and comparing. These are exactly the abilities described.The pre-conceptual (about 2 to 4 years) and intuitive (about 4 to 7 years) stages are the two parts of the preoperational period, when thinking is egocentric and the child cannot yet classify or conserve reliably. The formal operational stage (11 onward) adds abstract and hypothetical reasoning, which the question does not mention.

21.

........................ primary mental ability is not included in Thurstone's multifactor intelligence theory.

A.Verbal
B.Perceptual
C.Musical
D.Spatial

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The ability not included is musical.

L. L. Thurstone, using factor analysis, proposed seven primary mental abilities: verbal comprehension, word fluency, number, spatial visualisation, perceptual speed, associative memory and reasoning. Intelligence, in his view, was a profile across these abilities rather than a single general factor.

Musical ability appears as a separate intelligence in Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (1983), not in Thurstone's list. Verbal ability, through verbal comprehension, is one of Thurstone's abilities, so it cannot be the answer.

Discuss in Forum

22.

Suraj is trying to solve the mathematical example but he can't solve it. Suddenly he get clue and solve the example. This is .................. type of learning.

A.Logical
B.Insight
C.Discovery
D.Co-operative

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

This is insight learning.

Insight learning, studied by Wolfgang Kohler with chimpanzees (Sultan joining two sticks to reach a banana), is the sudden grasp of the relationships in a problem after a period in which the solution does not come. The answer appears all at once, the 'aha' experience, rather than gradually through trial and error, and once found it is remembered and transferred to similar problems. Suraj's sudden clue after failure fits this exactly.

Logical learning would proceed step by step. Discovery learning is a teaching approach in which pupils find principles for themselves, and co-operative learning means learning in groups.

Discuss in Forum

23.

The new concept of latent learning was propagated by ....................... in his learning theory.

A.Tolman
B.Skinner
C.Thorndike
D.Hull

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

Latent learning was propagated by Tolman.

In Tolman and Honzik's maze experiments (1930), rats that explored a maze for days without any food reward made many errors, but as soon as food was introduced their performance at once matched that of rats rewarded throughout. They had learnt the maze all along, forming a cognitive map, but the learning stayed latent until there was a reason to show it. Tolman concluded that reinforcement affects performance rather than learning itself.

Skinner, Thorndike and Hull all made reinforcement central to learning, which latent learning was used to challenge.

Discuss in Forum

24.

The greatest contribution of Hull's theory is ....................... .

A.Strength of the drive
B.Habit strength
C.Linking the learning to the needs of the children
D.The incentive motivation

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

On the key's reading, Hull's greatest contribution is linking the learning to the needs of the children.

Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory holds that behaviour is set in motion by drives arising from needs, and that responses which reduce a need are reinforced and learnt. For education this means that learning is effective when it is connected with the learner's needs and when satisfying them acts as the reward, which is the implication the key singles out.

Drive strength, habit strength and incentive motivation are terms within Hull's mathematical formula for reaction potential. They are parts of the theory rather than its contribution to education.

Discuss in Forum

25.

Priya apply the values taught in a classroom at daily life purposely and faithfully. This behaviour is related to .......................theory of transfer of learning.

A.Thorndike's
B.Judd's
C.Bagley's
D.Locke's

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The behaviour relates to Bagley's theory of transfer.

W. C. Bagley's theory of ideals holds that transfer of learning takes place when what is learnt becomes an ideal the learner consciously accepts and values. A pupil taught neatness in arithmetic will be neat elsewhere only if neatness has become her ideal. Priya applying classroom values in daily life purposely and faithfully is transfer through ideals.

Thorndike's theory explains transfer by identical elements shared between situations, and Judd's by generalisation of principles. The theory of formal (mental) discipline, associated with Locke, holds that training a faculty transfers automatically. None of these rests on consciously adopted values.

Discuss in Forum

26.

Every personality is the end-product of this process of ....................... .

A.Learning and motivation
B.Learning and acquisition
C.Heredity and motivation
D.Environment and motivation

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The key's answer is learning and acquisition.

The sentence calls personality the end-product of a process, and of the four pairs only this one names how a person comes to have traits: they are acquired through learning from experience. The more usual textbook statement is that personality is the product of heredity and environment, which is not among the options, and I could not find a source for the keyed phrase itself; what follows is the reading the key implies.

The pairs with motivation add a drive or need, which is one factor in behaviour and not the process that forms a whole personality; heredity and motivation and environment and motivation each leave out one of the two basic influences.

Discuss in Forum

27.

According to Cattell, curiosity and dependability are the examples of .................... type of trait.

A.Common
B.Unique
C.Surface
D.Source

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

According to the key, curiosity and dependability are surface traits.

Raymond Cattell distinguished surface traits, clusters of behaviour that can be observed directly and that tend to go together in everyday conduct, from source traits, the deeper underlying factors, found by factor analysis, that cause them. His 16 Personality Factor questionnaire measures source traits. Curiosity and dependability are visible patterns of behaviour, so they are given as examples of surface traits.

Common and unique traits are a different classification, shared by many people or peculiar to one, used by Allport and also by Cattell. Source traits are the underlying factors, not the observable behaviours.

Discuss in Forum

28.

.......................... psychologist stated that 'Mental hygiene is a science'.

A.Crow and Crow
B.Drever
C.D.B. Klein
D.Shaffer

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The statement is from Crow and Crow.

Lester and Alice Crow defined mental hygiene as a science that deals with human welfare and pervades all fields of human relationships. Their definition is the one Indian educational psychology textbooks quote, stressing that mental hygiene is a systematic body of knowledge concerned with preserving mental health and preventing disorder, not merely with treating illness.

James Drever is best known for his dictionary of psychology. D. B. Klein and Shaffer also wrote on mental hygiene and adjustment, but the definition calling mental hygiene a science that the textbooks quote is the Crows'.

Discuss in Forum

29.

Rahul always says to his friend that he is intimately acquainted with the district education officers. Here .................. defence mechanism was used by Rahul.

A.Delusion
B.Rationalization
C.Projection
D.Identification

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

Rahul is using identification.

Identification is a defence mechanism in which a person raises his own sense of worth by associating himself with important people, groups or institutions and taking on some of their status. Rahul's repeated claims of close acquaintance with district education officers borrow their importance to make himself feel and appear significant.

Rationalization means giving a plausible but false excuse for one's behaviour or failure. Projection means attributing one's own faults or unacceptable feelings to others. Delusion is a fixed false belief, a symptom of mental disorder rather than an ordinary defence mechanism.

Discuss in Forum

30.

Virat can measure, classify, compare different things then he is at............... as per Piaget’s theory.

A.Pre-conceptual stage
B.Intuitive stage
C.Concrete operational stage
D.Formal operational stage

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

Virat is at the concrete operational stage.

In Piaget's theory, the concrete operational stage (about 7 to 11 years) is when the child can perform logical operations on concrete objects: classification (grouping by common properties), seriation (ordering by size or weight), conservation, and measuring and comparing. These are exactly the abilities described.

The pre-conceptual (about 2 to 4 years) and intuitive (about 4 to 7 years) stages are the two parts of the preoperational period, when thinking is egocentric and the child cannot yet classify or conserve reliably. The formal operational stage (11 onward) adds abstract and hypothetical reasoning, which the question does not mention.

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