Public Policy Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following pair/s is/are correctly matched ?(1) Meta policy making stage - Surveying, processing and developing resources(2) Policy making stage - Motivating the execution of policy(3) Post policy making stage - Executing the policy

The correctly matched pairs are only (1) and (3).In Dror's model, surveying, processing and developing resources is a phase of meta-policy making (1), and executing the policy is a phase of post-policy making (3).Pair 2 is wrong: motivating the execution of policy is also a post-policy making phase, not part of policy making proper. So options including (2), or leaving out (1), are wrong.

Q: The 18 stage model of policy making is related with :

The 18-stage model is Yehezekel Dror's.In Public Policymaking Reexamined (1968), Dror proposed his normative-optimum model of policy making in 18 phases grouped into meta-policy making, policy making and post-policy making, with feedback linking them.Herbert Simon is known for bounded rationality, John Kingdon for the multiple streams model of agenda setting, and Laurence Lynn for his work on public management; none set out an 18-stage model.

Q: Who of the following has acknowledged the 'Deweyism' which encompasses policy science ?

The 'Deweyism' of the policy sciences was acknowledged by Harold Lasswell.In 'The Policy Orientation' (1951), the essay that launched the policy sciences, Lasswell described the approach as a contemporary adaptation of the general approach to public policy recommended by John Dewey and the pragmatists: knowledge put to work on practical problems, contextual, problem-oriented and openly concerned with democratic values.Yehezkel Dror developed the policy sciences further in the 1960s and 1970s, but the explicit acknowledgement of Dewey is Lasswell's. Brooks and Ward are not associated with founding the policy sciences.

Q: Which of the following pairs are correctly matched ?(1) Redistributive Policy - Distribution of new resources(2) Constituent Policy - Setting up or reorganization of institutions(3) Regulatory Policy - Regulation and control of activitiesCodes :

Pairs (2) and (3) are correct, so the answer is Only (2) and (3).In Theodore Lowi's typology, constituent policies deal with setting up or reorganising institutions and the rules of government (2), and regulatory policies regulate and control the activities of individuals and groups (3).Pair (1) is wrong because redistributive policy does not distribute new resources. It reallocates existing wealth, income or rights from one group to another, as progressive taxation or land reform does. Handing out new benefits to particular groups is distributive policy. Every option containing (1) is therefore wrong, and 'Only (3)' leaves out the correct pair (2).

Q: Who finds Lindblom's 'Incremental model' is quite conservative and unsatisfactory ?

The critic is Yehezkel Dror.In 'Muddling Through: Science or Inertia?' (1964) Dror argued that Lindblom's incremental model suits only conditions of stability, where past policies are broadly satisfactory, and that applied generally it would reinforce inertia and resist innovation. That is the charge that incrementalism is conservative and unsatisfactory, and Dror answered it with his normative optimum model.Amitai Etzioni also found incrementalism inadequate, but his response was the mixed-scanning model, which combines it with broad rational review; the question's wording is the textbook summary of Dror's critique. John Harsanyi is known for game theory, and Laurence Lynn for public management.

Q: Who of the following considers implementation to be a "general process of administrative action" ?

The phrase is Merilee S. Grindle's.In Politics and Policy Implementation in the Third World (1980) Grindle described implementation as a general process of administrative action that can be investigated at the specific programme level. She argued that what happens to a policy depends on both its content and the context of implementation.Larry Gerston, Nicholas Henry and James Anderson all wrote on public policy, Anderson notably on the stages of the policy process, but this definition of implementation is not theirs.

Q: National Food Security Act, 2013 is the example of :

The key classes the National Food Security Act as a distributive policy.In Lowi's typology, distributive policies allocate goods, services or benefits to particular sections of the population, paid for from general revenue. The 2013 Act entitles up to 75 per cent of the rural and 50 per cent of the urban population to subsidised foodgrains through the public distribution system, which is distribution of a benefit to a target population.A redistributive policy transfers wealth or rights directly from one class to another, as with progressive taxes or land ceilings. A regulatory policy controls behaviour rather than providing goods, and 'patronage policy' is not one of the standard categories.

Q: Match the List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :List I (Thinkers)List II (Model)(a) Charles Lindblom(1) Bounded rationality model(b) Yehezekel Dror(2) Normative optimum model(c) Amitai Etzioni(3) Incremental model(d) Herbert Simon(4) Mixed scanning model

The correct matching is (a)-(3), (b)-(2), (c)-(4), (d)-(1).ThinkerModelCharles LindblomIncremental modelYehezkel DrorNormative optimum modelAmitai EtzioniMixed scanning modelHerbert SimonBounded rationality modelLindblom's 'science of muddling through' makes small changes to existing policy; Dror combined rational and extra-rational elements; Etzioni joined a broad scan with detailed incremental review; and Simon held that decision-makers satisfice within limits of knowledge. Every other code gives Lindblom or Simon the wrong model.

Q: The term 'Mega Policy' has been introduced by :

'Megapolicy' was introduced by Yehezkel Dror.Dror used the term for master policies: the overall postures, assumptions and guidelines within which specific policies are made, such as how much risk to accept or whether to aim at incremental or radical change. He treated megapolicy-making as a key task of policy science and of top-level government.Charles Lindblom is associated with the opposite, incremental approach to policy-making, and the term is not credited to Lawrence Mayer or Clarke Cochran.

51.

Which of the following pair/s is/are correctly matched ?

(1) Meta policy making stage - Surveying, processing and developing resources
(2) Policy making stage - Motivating the execution of policy
(3) Post policy making stage - Executing the policy

A.Only (1)
B.Only (2) and (3)
C.Only (1) and (3)
D.Only (3)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The correctly matched pairs are only (1) and (3).

In Dror's model, surveying, processing and developing resources is a phase of meta-policy making (1), and executing the policy is a phase of post-policy making (3).

Pair 2 is wrong: motivating the execution of policy is also a post-policy making phase, not part of policy making proper. So options including (2), or leaving out (1), are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

52.

The 18 stage model of policy making is related with :

A.Herbert Simon
B.Yehezekel Dror
C.John Kingdon
D.Laurence Lynn

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The 18-stage model is Yehezekel Dror's.

In Public Policymaking Reexamined (1968), Dror proposed his normative-optimum model of policy making in 18 phases grouped into meta-policy making, policy making and post-policy making, with feedback linking them.

Herbert Simon is known for bounded rationality, John Kingdon for the multiple streams model of agenda setting, and Laurence Lynn for his work on public management; none set out an 18-stage model.

Discuss in Forum

53.

Who of the following has acknowledged the 'Deweyism' which encompasses policy science ?

A.Lasswell
B.Dror
C.Brooks
D.Ward

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The 'Deweyism' of the policy sciences was acknowledged by Harold Lasswell.

In 'The Policy Orientation' (1951), the essay that launched the policy sciences, Lasswell described the approach as a contemporary adaptation of the general approach to public policy recommended by John Dewey and the pragmatists: knowledge put to work on practical problems, contextual, problem-oriented and openly concerned with democratic values.

Yehezkel Dror developed the policy sciences further in the 1960s and 1970s, but the explicit acknowledgement of Dewey is Lasswell's. Brooks and Ward are not associated with founding the policy sciences.

Discuss in Forum

54.

Assertion (A) and Reason (R) Pattern :
Assertion (A) : Good policies depend upon good government.
Reason (R) : 'Good government' rests on three pillars : honesty, democracy and competency.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) true and (R) is the correct reason of (A)
B.(A) is true, but (R) is false
C.Both (A) and (R) are false
D.Both (A) and (R) true and (R) is not correct reason of (A)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct reason of (A), which is the official key.

(R) is a standard statement, usually credited to Nicholas Henry's public administration text: good government rests on the three pillars of honesty, democracy and competency. (A) says good policies depend on good government. Honest, accountable and competent government is what turns policy design into policy that is carried out well, so the pillars are offered as the reason policies depend on government quality.

Options B and C wrongly make a statement false. Option D accepts that both are true but denies that (R) explains (A); the key takes the pillars as the explanation. The tie between (R) and (A) is the key's reading rather than a stated proof.

Discuss in Forum

55.

Which of the following pairs are correctly matched ?

(1) Redistributive Policy - Distribution of new resources
(2) Constituent Policy - Setting up or reorganization of institutions
(3) Regulatory Policy - Regulation and control of activities

Codes :

A.Only (1)
B.Only (2) and (3)
C.Only (1) and (2)
D.Only (3)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

Pairs (2) and (3) are correct, so the answer is Only (2) and (3).

In Theodore Lowi's typology, constituent policies deal with setting up or reorganising institutions and the rules of government (2), and regulatory policies regulate and control the activities of individuals and groups (3).

Pair (1) is wrong because redistributive policy does not distribute new resources. It reallocates existing wealth, income or rights from one group to another, as progressive taxation or land reform does. Handing out new benefits to particular groups is distributive policy. Every option containing (1) is therefore wrong, and 'Only (3)' leaves out the correct pair (2).

Discuss in Forum

56.

Who finds Lindblom's 'Incremental model' is quite conservative and unsatisfactory ?

A.John C. Harsanyi
B.Yehezekel Dror
C.Amiti Etzioni
D.Laurence Lynn

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The critic is Yehezkel Dror.

In 'Muddling Through: Science or Inertia?' (1964) Dror argued that Lindblom's incremental model suits only conditions of stability, where past policies are broadly satisfactory, and that applied generally it would reinforce inertia and resist innovation. That is the charge that incrementalism is conservative and unsatisfactory, and Dror answered it with his normative optimum model.

Amitai Etzioni also found incrementalism inadequate, but his response was the mixed-scanning model, which combines it with broad rational review; the question's wording is the textbook summary of Dror's critique. John Harsanyi is known for game theory, and Laurence Lynn for public management.

Discuss in Forum

57.

Who of the following considers implementation to be a "general process of administrative action" ?

A.Lary M. Gerston
B.Merilee S. Grindle
C.Nicholas Henry
D.James Anderson

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The phrase is Merilee S. Grindle's.

In Politics and Policy Implementation in the Third World (1980) Grindle described implementation as a general process of administrative action that can be investigated at the specific programme level. She argued that what happens to a policy depends on both its content and the context of implementation.

Larry Gerston, Nicholas Henry and James Anderson all wrote on public policy, Anderson notably on the stages of the policy process, but this definition of implementation is not theirs.

Discuss in Forum

58.

National Food Security Act, 2013 is the example of :

A.Regulatory policy
B.Redistributive policy
C.Distributive policy
D.Patronage policy

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: C

The key classes the National Food Security Act as a distributive policy.

In Lowi's typology, distributive policies allocate goods, services or benefits to particular sections of the population, paid for from general revenue. The 2013 Act entitles up to 75 per cent of the rural and 50 per cent of the urban population to subsidised foodgrains through the public distribution system, which is distribution of a benefit to a target population.

A redistributive policy transfers wealth or rights directly from one class to another, as with progressive taxes or land ceilings. A regulatory policy controls behaviour rather than providing goods, and 'patronage policy' is not one of the standard categories.

Discuss in Forum

59.

Match the List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List I (Thinkers)	List II (Model)
(a) Charles Lindblom	(1) Bounded rationality model
(b) Yehezekel Dror	(2) Normative optimum model
(c) Amitai Etzioni	(3) Incremental model
(d) Herbert Simon	(4) Mixed scanning model

A.(a)-(3), (b)-(2), (c)-(4), (d)-(1)
B.(a)-(1), (b)-(2), (c)-(3), (d)-(4)
C.(a)-(2), (b)-(1), (c)-(4), (d)-(3)
D.(a)-(4), (b)-(3), (c)-(2), (d)-(1)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The correct matching is (a)-(3), (b)-(2), (c)-(4), (d)-(1).

Thinker	Model
Charles Lindblom	Incremental model
Yehezkel Dror	Normative optimum model
Amitai Etzioni	Mixed scanning model
Herbert Simon	Bounded rationality model

Lindblom's 'science of muddling through' makes small changes to existing policy; Dror combined rational and extra-rational elements; Etzioni joined a broad scan with detailed incremental review; and Simon held that decision-makers satisfice within limits of knowledge. Every other code gives Lindblom or Simon the wrong model.

Discuss in Forum

60.

The term 'Mega Policy' has been introduced by :

A.Charles Lindblom
B.Lawrence Mayer
C.Clarke Cochran
D.Yehezekel Dror

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

'Megapolicy' was introduced by Yehezkel Dror.

Dror used the term for master policies: the overall postures, assumptions and guidelines within which specific policies are made, such as how much risk to accept or whether to aim at incremental or radical change. He treated megapolicy-making as a key task of policy science and of top-level government.

Charles Lindblom is associated with the opposite, incremental approach to policy-making, and the term is not credited to Lawrence Mayer or Clarke Cochran.

Public Policy Questions and Answers

Topics

Other Subjects

Tags: Public Policy Questions and Answers

About Us

Public Policy Questions and Answers

Topics

Other Subjects

Tags: Public Policy Questions and Answers

About Us

Stay informed about all important Dates & Notifications