Public Policy Questions and Answers

Q: Match List - I and List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :List - I (Authors)List - II (Books)a. Thomas R. Dye1. Policy Analysis for the Real Worldb. B.W. Hogwood and L.A. Gunn2. Speaking Truth 'to power the Art and Craft of Policy Analysisc. A. Wildavsky3. Managing the Public Sectord. A. Massey4. Understanding Public Policy

The correct matching is Dye with Understanding Public Policy, Hogwood and Gunn with Policy Analysis for the Real World, Wildavsky with Speaking Truth to Power and Massey with Managing the Public Sector, so the answer is a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3, option B.Thomas Dye's textbook Understanding Public Policy is the standard American introduction. Policy Analysis for the Real World is by Hogwood and Gunn, and Aaron Wildavsky wrote Speaking Truth to Power: The Art and Craft of Policy Analysis. Andrew Massey wrote on managing the public sector.The other codes assign the titles to the wrong authors.

61.

Arrange the following in order of sequence regarding requirements for a rational policy :

(i) Identification of policy alternatives to attain goals.
(ii) Analysing cost benefits of policy alternatives.
(iii) Selecting the most efficient policy alternatives.
(iv) Identification and ranking of goals.
Codes :

A.(ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
B.(iv), (i), (ii) , (iii)
C.(iii), (ii), (iv), (i)
D.(i), (iii), (iv), (ii)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The rational policy sequence is identification and ranking of goals (iv), identification of policy alternatives (i), analysis of the costs and benefits of the alternatives (ii) and selection of the most efficient alternative (iii). This is the rational comprehensive model.

The first option starts with cost-benefit analysis before alternatives have been found. The third option selects the best alternative first, which cannot precede the analysis. The fourth option identifies alternatives before the goals are even set, and ranks goals last.

Discuss in Forum

62.

Policy monitoring may lead to which of the following actions ?

(i) Strengthening and improving the policy programmes.
(ii) Replanning of the policy programme.
(iii) Cancellation of the policy programme.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

A.(i)
B.(i), (ii)
C.(i), (ii), (iii)
D.(i), (iii)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Policy monitoring may lead to all three actions, so the answer is (i), (ii), (iii), option C.

Monitoring shows how a programme is working. If it is sound but weak in places, it is strengthened and improved (i). If the design is faulty, it is replanned (ii). If it has failed or has served its purpose, it may be cancelled (iii).

Options A, B and D each leave out at least one of these possible outcomes of monitoring.

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63.

Assertion (A) : Public Policy is whatever Governments choose to do or not to do.

Reason (R) : Policy making is clearly related to decision making.

A.Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Both statements are correct, and the reason explains the assertion, so the answer is A.

The assertion is Thomas Dye's well-known definition of public policy: whatever governments choose to do or not to do. It treats inaction as a policy choice. Policy making is a form of decision making, since a policy is the result of a choice among alternatives, and that is why 'choosing to do or not to do' is the essence of the definition.

Option B accepts both but denies the link, and options C and D call one of them false, which is not so.

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64.

Arrange the following steps in Policy Analysis in the correct sequence and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

(i) Problem identification
(ii) Forecasting and evaluating the alternatives.
(iii) Determining alternative courses of action.
(iv) Policy choice

A.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
B.(i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
C.(ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
D.(ii), (iii), (iv), (i)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The correct sequence is problem identification, determining the alternative courses of action, forecasting and evaluating them and policy choice, so the answer is (i), (iii), (ii), (iv), option B.

The analyst must first know what the problem is (i), then list the possible ways of dealing with it (iii), then predict and compare their consequences (ii), and only then recommend or choose one (iv).

Option A evaluates alternatives before they have been determined, and options C and D begin with something other than the identification of the problem, which makes them illogical.

Discuss in Forum

65.

Match List - I and List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - I (Authors)	List - II (Books)
a. Thomas R. Dye	1. Policy Analysis for the Real World
b. B.W. Hogwood and L.A. Gunn	2. Speaking Truth 'to power the Art and Craft of Policy Analysis
c. A. Wildavsky	3. Managing the Public Sector
d. A. Massey	4. Understanding Public Policy

A.a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4
B.a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3
C.a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
D.a-1, b-4, c-3, d-2

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The correct matching is Dye with Understanding Public Policy, Hogwood and Gunn with Policy Analysis for the Real World, Wildavsky with Speaking Truth to Power and Massey with Managing the Public Sector, so the answer is a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3, option B.

Thomas Dye's textbook Understanding Public Policy is the standard American introduction. Policy Analysis for the Real World is by Hogwood and Gunn, and Aaron Wildavsky wrote Speaking Truth to Power: The Art and Craft of Policy Analysis. Andrew Massey wrote on managing the public sector.

The other codes assign the titles to the wrong authors.

Discuss in Forum

66.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - I	List - II
(a) Y. Dror	(i) Mixed Scanning Approach
(b) A. Etzioni	(ii) Normative Optimum Model
(c) David Truman	(iii) Governmental Process (Group Theory)
(d) V. Ostrom	(iv) Public Choice Theory

A.(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
B.(ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
C.(iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
D.(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Y. Dror is associated with the normative optimum model (ii), A. Etzioni with the mixed scanning approach (i), David Truman with the governmental process or group theory (iii), and V. Ostrom with public choice theory (iv). The code is (ii) (i) (iii) (iv). The other codes give mixed scanning to Dror or public choice to Truman, who wrote on group theory and not public choice. Dror's normative optimum model adds a super-optimal stage of reflection on the value of the decision process, while Etzioni's mixed scanning combines the rational-comprehensive and the incremental approach, and Truman's book The Governmental Process presents the group theory of politics.

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67.

Which of the following is not the policy implementation model as suggested by R. Elmore ?

A.Systems Management
B.Conflict and Bargaining
C.Organizational Development
D.Policy Action Model

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The Policy Action Model is not one of Richard Elmore's policy implementation models. Elmore described four models: the systems management model, the bureaucratic process model, the organizational development model and the conflict and bargaining model.

Systems management, conflict and bargaining and organizational development are therefore his models and are wrong as answers to a question asking which is not.

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68.

According to Poister, which of the following is the basis of Policy Evaluation ?

(i) Effectiveness
(ii) Adequacy
(iii) Appropriateness
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

A.(i), (ii), (iii)
B.(i), (ii)
C.(i), (iii)
D.(ii), (iii)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

According to Poister the bases of policy evaluation are effectiveness, adequacy and appropriateness, which is (i), (ii) and (iii). The first asks whether the policy achieved its objectives, the second whether the achievement was enough to deal with the problem, and the third whether the objectives are the right ones.

The options with two of the three leave out one criterion that the key accepts, so they are incomplete.

Discuss in Forum

69.

Which of the following is not the approach to policy evaluation ?

A.Evaluability Assessment
B.Effectiveness Evaluation
C.Evaluation Synthesis Approach
D.Experimental method

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The experimental method is not named as an approach to policy evaluation in the key. Evaluability assessment, effectiveness evaluation and evaluation synthesis are listed as approaches to policy evaluation in the text the question follows.

So they are wrong as answers to a question asking which is not an approach. The experimental method is a general research design that can be used in evaluation, but the key does not count it as a separate approach.

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