Renewable Energy Sources Questions and Answers

Q: The main composition of biogas is :

The main component of biogas is methane.Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter such as cattle dung. It contains about 50 to 75 percent methane, with carbon dioxide making up most of the rest and small amounts of hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen and nitrogen. The methane is what makes it a fuel.Carbon dioxide is the second component, not the main one, and nitrogen and hydrogen are present only in traces.

Q: Box-type solar cookers are suitable for

Box-type solar cookers are suitable for boiling and baking.A box cooker is an insulated box with a blackened tray and a glass lid, often with a reflector. It reaches about 100 to 140 °C, slowly, which is enough for cooking by boiling and for baking in closed vessels.It cannot reach the high, quick heat needed for frying, so 'frying only' is wrong, and 'boiling only' leaves out baking, which these cookers do well.

Q: The maximum air temperature inside a box type solar cooker is around

The key gives 140 °C - 160 °C.Reports of the highest air temperature in a box type cooker vary with its design and whether it is loaded. Reference texts and a journal paper give about 150 °C for an empty box cooker on a clear sunny day, and a measured test in a research paper found an absorber plate near 161 °C, which fit this range. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy's FAQ, however, quotes only about 110-120 °C for cooking, and food keeps a loaded cooker near the boiling point of water, so the range is not firmly fixed.Of the options, only 140-160 °C brackets the commonly quoted peak. 50-100 °C is too low, since a box cooker is expected to go past the boiling point of water, and 180-300 °C is far higher than box cookers are normally reported to reach.

Q: Consider the following statements in the context of the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) :1. It is a global forum to promote policies and programmes that advance clean energy technology and to encourage the transition to a global clean energy economy.2. India is a participating nation in the Clean Energy Ministerial.3. India has denied to participate in the programme '21st Century Power' under Clean Energy Ministerial.Which of the above statements are correct ?

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, so the answer is 1 and 2 only.The Clean Energy Ministerial, launched in 2009 and first held in 2010, is a high-level global forum where energy ministers promote policies and programmes that advance clean energy technology and share lessons to speed the transition to a global clean energy economy (1). India is one of its participating members and has hosted a ministerial meeting (New Delhi, 2013) (2).Statement 3 is false: India takes part in the CEM's initiatives, including the 21st Century Power Partnership, which works on integrating renewable power into electricity systems. So every option containing 3 is wrong.

Q: The Prime Minister of India mentioned the mega plan of "One Sun, One World, One Grid" project in the Independence Day address. Which of the following statements are correct about the project ?1. It is a transnational electricity grid supplying solar power project.2. The idea of the project was first introduced in 2018 during the first assembly of International Solar Alliance.3. China was the only member country to resist this proposal during the ISA meet.Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, so the answer is Only 1 and 2.One Sun, One World, One Grid (OSOWOG) is a plan for a transnational grid that would carry solar power across time zones, on the idea that the sun is always shining somewhere (1). Prime Minister Modi first put the idea forward in October 2018 at the first assembly of the International Solar Alliance (2), and he mentioned it again in his Independence Day address of 2020.Statement 3 is not correct. China is not a member of the International Solar Alliance, so it could not have been the one member to resist the proposal at an ISA meeting. That removes every option that includes 3.

Q: Which of the following statements is incorrect ?

The incorrect statement is (b), that in fusion the products are not lighter than the starting nuclei.In both fission and fusion, the total mass of the products is less than the mass of the reacting nuclei. The missing mass, the mass defect, is released as energy according to \(E = mc^{2}\). That is precisely why both reactions give out energy; in fusion the mass defect per unit mass of fuel is even larger.The other statements are correct: geothermal energy is tapped by drilling wells to bring up steam or hot water; biomass stores solar energy captured by photosynthesis; and wind power works best where winds are strong and steady, as on islands, coasts and mountain passes.

Q: Which of the following is the least likely outcome of National Green Hydrogen Mission (by 2030)?

The least likely outcome is attaining Net Zero emissions by 2030.India's national target is net zero by 2070, announced at COP26 in Glasgow. The National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023) sets 2030 goals of at least 5 million tonnes of green hydrogen production a year, about 125 GW of associated renewable capacity, and over six lakh jobs, so the first three options are its stated outcomes.Net zero for the whole economy by 2030 is not a goal of the mission or of national policy.

Q: Hydro energy is the energy produced from :

Hydro energy is produced from water.Hydroelectric power uses the potential energy of water stored at a height, behind a dam or in a river with a steep fall. As the water flows down through turbines, its energy turns the turbines and drives generators. Because the water cycle is driven by the sun, it is a renewable source.Energy from sunlight directly is solar energy, and coal is a fossil fuel burned in thermal power stations, so neither is hydro energy.

11.

The main composition of biogas is :

A.Methane
B.Carbon dioxide
C.Nitrogen
D.Hydrogen

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC Forest Service - 2022,

Answer: A

The main component of biogas is methane.

Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter such as cattle dung. It contains about 50 to 75 percent methane, with carbon dioxide making up most of the rest and small amounts of hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen and nitrogen. The methane is what makes it a fuel.

Carbon dioxide is the second component, not the main one, and nitrogen and hydrogen are present only in traces.

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12.

Box-type solar cookers are suitable for

A.boiling only
B.boiling and baking
C.frying only
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC Forest Service - 2023,

Answer: B

Box-type solar cookers are suitable for boiling and baking.

A box cooker is an insulated box with a blackened tray and a glass lid, often with a reflector. It reaches about 100 to 140 °C, slowly, which is enough for cooking by boiling and for baking in closed vessels.

It cannot reach the high, quick heat needed for frying, so 'frying only' is wrong, and 'boiling only' leaves out baking, which these cookers do well.

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13.

In which year did Madhya Pradesh State formulate the Renewable Energy Policy?

A.2020
B.2021
C.2022
D.2023

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC Forest Service - 2023,

Answer: C

On the key, Madhya Pradesh formulated its Renewable Energy Policy in 2022.

Madhya Pradesh has been one of the leading states in renewable energy, home to large solar parks such as Rewa and wind farms in the Malwa region. In 2022 the state issued its renewable energy policy to promote solar, wind, biomass and other renewable energy projects.

The years 2020, 2021 and 2023 are not the year of this policy, which is the one the Commission's key accepts.

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14.

The maximum air temperature inside a box type solar cooker is around

A.140 °C - 160 °C
B.50 °C - 100 °C
C.180 °C - 260 °C
D.200 °C - 300 °C

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC Forest Service - 2023,

Answer: A

The key gives 140 °C - 160 °C.

Reports of the highest air temperature in a box type cooker vary with its design and whether it is loaded. Reference texts and a journal paper give about 150 °C for an empty box cooker on a clear sunny day, and a measured test in a research paper found an absorber plate near 161 °C, which fit this range. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy's FAQ, however, quotes only about 110-120 °C for cooking, and food keeps a loaded cooker near the boiling point of water, so the range is not firmly fixed.

Of the options, only 140-160 °C brackets the commonly quoted peak. 50-100 °C is too low, since a box cooker is expected to go past the boiling point of water, and 180-300 °C is far higher than box cookers are normally reported to reach.

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15.

The first successful attempt to tap underground heat was made in

A.Boise, Idaho (USA)
B.Tel Aviv, Israel
C.Tokyo, Japan
D.Canberra, Australia

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC State Service - 2023, MPPSC Forest Service - 2023,

Answer: A

The first successful attempt to tap underground heat was made in Boise, Idaho (USA).

The NCERT geography text on energy resources records that the first successful attempt to tap underground heat was made in 1890 in the city of Boise, Idaho, where hot water from wells was piped to heat buildings. Boise still runs one of the oldest geothermal district heating systems.

Tel Aviv, Tokyo and Canberra are not associated with this first. In India, geothermal plants have been tried at Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh and in the Puga valley of Ladakh.

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16.

Consider the following statements in the context of the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) :

1. It is a global forum to promote policies and programmes that advance clean energy technology and to encourage the transition to a global clean energy economy.
2. India is a participating nation in the Clean Energy Ministerial.
3. India has denied to participate in the programme '21st Century Power' under Clean Energy Ministerial.

Which of the above statements are correct ?

A.2 and 3 only
B.1 and 3 only
C.1 and 2 only
D.1, 2 and 3

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2018,

Answer: C

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, so the answer is 1 and 2 only.

The Clean Energy Ministerial, launched in 2009 and first held in 2010, is a high-level global forum where energy ministers promote policies and programmes that advance clean energy technology and share lessons to speed the transition to a global clean energy economy (1). India is one of its participating members and has hosted a ministerial meeting (New Delhi, 2013) (2).

Statement 3 is false: India takes part in the CEM's initiatives, including the 21st Century Power Partnership, which works on integrating renewable power into electricity systems. So every option containing 3 is wrong.

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17.

The Prime Minister of India mentioned the mega plan of "One Sun, One World, One Grid" project in the Independence Day address. Which of the following statements are correct about the project ?

1. It is a transnational electricity grid supplying solar power project.
2. The idea of the project was first introduced in 2018 during the first assembly of International Solar Alliance.
3. China was the only member country to resist this proposal during the ISA meet.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

A.Only 1 and 2
B.Only 2 and 3
C.Only 1 and 3
D.1, 2 and 3

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2021,

Answer: A

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, so the answer is Only 1 and 2.

One Sun, One World, One Grid (OSOWOG) is a plan for a transnational grid that would carry solar power across time zones, on the idea that the sun is always shining somewhere (1). Prime Minister Modi first put the idea forward in October 2018 at the first assembly of the International Solar Alliance (2), and he mentioned it again in his Independence Day address of 2020.

Statement 3 is not correct. China is not a member of the International Solar Alliance, so it could not have been the one member to resist the proposal at an ISA meeting. That removes every option that includes 3.

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18.

Which of the following statements is incorrect ?

A.Geothermal energy from heated areas of the Earth's crust is extracted by drilling wells to bring steam or hot water to the surface.
B.In fission, the mass of the end products is less than the mass at the beginning, but in fusion, this is not the case.
C.Biomass is an example of indirect solar energy because it includes organic materials produced by photosynthesis.
D.Harnessing wind energy is profitable on islands and in mountain passes.

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2025,

Answer: B

The incorrect statement is (b), that in fusion the products are not lighter than the starting nuclei.

In both fission and fusion, the total mass of the products is less than the mass of the reacting nuclei. The missing mass, the mass defect, is released as energy according to \(E = mc^{2}\). That is precisely why both reactions give out energy; in fusion the mass defect per unit mass of fuel is even larger.

The other statements are correct: geothermal energy is tapped by drilling wells to bring up steam or hot water; biomass stores solar energy captured by photosynthesis; and wind power works best where winds are strong and steady, as on islands, coasts and mountain passes.

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19.

Which of the following is the least likely outcome of National Green Hydrogen Mission (by 2030)?

A.National Green Hydrogen Production capacity of atleast 5 MMT per annum
B.Renewable Energy Capacity addition of 125 GW
C.Creation of over 6 Lakh full time jobs
D.Attaining the national goal of Net Zero emissions by 2030

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2024,

Answer: D

The least likely outcome is attaining Net Zero emissions by 2030.

India's national target is net zero by 2070, announced at COP26 in Glasgow. The National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023) sets 2030 goals of at least 5 million tonnes of green hydrogen production a year, about 125 GW of associated renewable capacity, and over six lakh jobs, so the first three options are its stated outcomes.

Net zero for the whole economy by 2030 is not a goal of the mission or of national policy.

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20.

Hydro energy is the energy produced from :

A.Sunlight
B.Water
C.Coal
D.Fossil fuel

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

Hydro energy is produced from water.

Hydroelectric power uses the potential energy of water stored at a height, behind a dam or in a river with a steep fall. As the water flows down through turbines, its energy turns the turbines and drives generators. Because the water cycle is driven by the sun, it is a renewable source.

Energy from sunlight directly is solar energy, and coal is a fossil fuel burned in thermal power stations, so neither is hydro energy.

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