Rural and Urban Transformations Questions and Answers

Q: Assertion (A) : Gated enclaves symbolize the exclusive urban development in India.Reason (R) : Only a few can afford to live in gated enclaves.

The key's answer is that both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).The assertion reflects the sociology of Indian cities: gated communities, with walls, guards and private amenities, symbolise an exclusive pattern of urban development that separates the affluent from the rest of the city. The reason is also true as a fact, since such housing is expensive and only a small section can afford it.On the key's reading, affordability does not explain why gated enclaves symbolise exclusive development. Their symbolic meaning comes from the deliberate creation of segregated, privatised spaces, fears about security, the withdrawal of the middle class from public services, and the social distinction they confer. Many expensive things are not exclusionary in this way, so the cost alone is not the explanation, and option A is not the keyed choice.

Q: Miller studied Jajmani system in :

The key gives 1952.The Miller meant here is the American anthropologist Eric J. Miller, who did fieldwork in Malabar and Cochin in the late 1940s and published on caste and village structure in North Kerala in the 1950s. One reference gives 1952 for his study of the jajmani system in Cochin, and that is the year the University's key accepts.I could confirm Miller's Kerala fieldwork but found only that one secondary mention of the 1952 date for the jajmani study, not a primary citation, so the date rests on the key. The other years are not linked to him: 1936 (not offered) is William Wiser's The Hindu Jajmani System, and 1947, 1954 and 1956 do not match a jajmani study by Miller that I could find.

Q: 73rd Amendment was enacted in :

The 73rd Amendment was enacted in 1992.The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act was passed by Parliament in December 1992, received the President's assent in April 1993 and came into force on 24 April 1993. It gave constitutional status to panchayati raj institutions, adding Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule.1989 is the year the earlier 64th Amendment Bill on panchayats failed in the Rajya Sabha, and 1991 the year the 72nd and 73rd Bills were introduced. 1988 has no link with the amendment.

Q: The Telangana Movement was started against the ...................... .

It was started against the Nizam of Hyderabad, the paper's 'Nijam'.The Telangana armed struggle of 1946-51, led by the communists through the Andhra Mahasabha, began as a peasant revolt in the Nizam's dominions against forced labour (vetti), illegal levies and the power of the deshmukhs and jagirdars who upheld his rule, and grew into a rising against the Nizam's government and its Razakar militia.Landlords, moneylenders and intermediaries were targets of the movement, but they were the local face of the Nizam's feudal order, which is what the movement rose against.

Q: The Telangana movement had begun in 1946 in the .................... .

The movement began in the Nalgonda district of Hyderabad state.The Telangana peasant armed struggle is usually dated from July 1946, when a deshmukh's men killed the village activist Doddi Komarayya at Kadavendi in Jangaon taluk, then part of Nalgonda district. The rising spread from Nalgonda to Warangal and Khammam and was led by the communists through the Andhra Mahasabha.Warangal was drawn in soon after but was not where the movement began, Bidar saw no comparable rising, and Dinajpur in Bengal was the centre of the Tebhaga movement of 1946-47.

Q: The rise of the village is bound up with the rise of ........................ .

The rise of the village is bound up with the rise of agricultural economy.Permanent villages appeared when people took up settled cultivation in the Neolithic period. Growing crops tied people to their fields and produced stored surpluses, which made it possible and necessary to live in one place year after year.Nomadic pastoralism and food gathering require people to move with their herds or with the seasons, so they work against permanent settlement. Barter is a form of exchange that exists in many economies and did not by itself create villages.

Q: Jajmani system was ....................... .

The key describes the jajmani system as an economic system.W. H. Wiser, who introduced the term in The Hindu Jajmani System (1936), described it as a system of exchange of services among castes in a village: the service castes worked for their patrons (jajmans) and were paid mainly in grain at harvest and in customary gifts. At its core it was a system of production, exchange and payment, which is why textbooks call it an economic system.It rested on caste and so also had social and ritual sides, but it was not a political system, and since it ran along caste lines rather than class it was not a class system.

Q: Jajmani system is characterised by :

The jajmani system is characterised by barter.Under the jajmani system the service castes, such as the carpenter, blacksmith, barber and washerman, were paid by their patron families not in money but in kind: fixed shares of grain at harvest, food and clothes on festivals and at weddings, and sometimes a plot of land. Services were exchanged directly for goods.A money economy is what eroded the jajmani system, as cash wages replaced customary payments. The system had political and religious aspects, but neither characterises it as the exchange in kind does.

Direction for [ Question No: 1 To 1 ] :

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : Gated enclaves symbolize the exclusive urban development in India.
Reason (R) : Only a few can afford to live in gated enclaves.

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false
D.(A) is false but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: B

The key's answer is that both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

The assertion reflects the sociology of Indian cities: gated communities, with walls, guards and private amenities, symbolise an exclusive pattern of urban development that separates the affluent from the rest of the city. The reason is also true as a fact, since such housing is expensive and only a small section can afford it.

On the key's reading, affordability does not explain why gated enclaves symbolise exclusive development. Their symbolic meaning comes from the deliberate creation of segregated, privatised spaces, fears about security, the withdrawal of the middle class from public services, and the social distinction they confer. Many expensive things are not exclusionary in this way, so the cost alone is not the explanation, and option A is not the keyed choice.

Discuss in Forum

Miller studied Jajmani system in :

A.1947
B.1952
C.1954
D.1956

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The key gives 1952.

The Miller meant here is the American anthropologist Eric J. Miller, who did fieldwork in Malabar and Cochin in the late 1940s and published on caste and village structure in North Kerala in the 1950s. One reference gives 1952 for his study of the jajmani system in Cochin, and that is the year the University's key accepts.

I could confirm Miller's Kerala fieldwork but found only that one secondary mention of the 1952 date for the jajmani study, not a primary citation, so the date rests on the key. The other years are not linked to him: 1936 (not offered) is William Wiser's The Hindu Jajmani System, and 1947, 1954 and 1956 do not match a jajmani study by Miller that I could find.

Discuss in Forum

73rd Amendment was enacted in :

A.1988
B.1989
C.1991
D.1992

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

The 73rd Amendment was enacted in 1992.

The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act was passed by Parliament in December 1992, received the President's assent in April 1993 and came into force on 24 April 1993. It gave constitutional status to panchayati raj institutions, adding Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule.

1989 is the year the earlier 64th Amendment Bill on panchayats failed in the Rajya Sabha, and 1991 the year the 72nd and 73rd Bills were introduced. 1988 has no link with the amendment.

Discuss in Forum

The Telangana Movement was started against the ...................... .

A.Nijam of Hyderabad
B.Zamindars
C.Moneylenders
D.Intermediaries

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

It was started against the Nizam of Hyderabad, the paper's 'Nijam'.

The Telangana armed struggle of 1946-51, led by the communists through the Andhra Mahasabha, began as a peasant revolt in the Nizam's dominions against forced labour (vetti), illegal levies and the power of the deshmukhs and jagirdars who upheld his rule, and grew into a rising against the Nizam's government and its Razakar militia.

Landlords, moneylenders and intermediaries were targets of the movement, but they were the local face of the Nizam's feudal order, which is what the movement rose against.

Discuss in Forum

Which state has highest number of slumblocks in India as per 2011 Census ?

A.Maharashtra
B.Delhi
C.Karnataka
D.Gujrat

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The state with the highest number of slum blocks in 2011 is Maharashtra.

For the 2011 Census, slum areas in towns were divided into enumeration blocks called slum blocks. Maharashtra had the largest number of these blocks of any state, matching its position as the state with the largest slum population, about 1.18 crore people, nearly a fifth of India's slum dwellers.

Delhi, Karnataka and Gujarat (the paper's 'Gujrat') have sizeable slum populations, but each is well below Maharashtra in both slum population and slum blocks.

Discuss in Forum

The Telangana movement had begun in 1946 in the .................... .

A.Warrangal district of Hyderabad state
B.Bidar district of Hyderabad state
C.Nalgonda district of Hyderabad state
D.Dinajpur district of Bengal state

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The movement began in the Nalgonda district of Hyderabad state.

The Telangana peasant armed struggle is usually dated from July 1946, when a deshmukh's men killed the village activist Doddi Komarayya at Kadavendi in Jangaon taluk, then part of Nalgonda district. The rising spread from Nalgonda to Warangal and Khammam and was led by the communists through the Andhra Mahasabha.

Warangal was drawn in soon after but was not where the movement began, Bidar saw no comparable rising, and Dinajpur in Bengal was the centre of the Tebhaga movement of 1946-47.

Discuss in Forum

The rise of the village is bound up with the rise of ........................ .

A.nomadic mode of production
B.agricultural economy
C.food gathering economy
D.barter economy

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The rise of the village is bound up with the rise of agricultural economy.

Permanent villages appeared when people took up settled cultivation in the Neolithic period. Growing crops tied people to their fields and produced stored surpluses, which made it possible and necessary to live in one place year after year.

Nomadic pastoralism and food gathering require people to move with their herds or with the seasons, so they work against permanent settlement. Barter is a form of exchange that exists in many economies and did not by itself create villages.

Discuss in Forum

Jajmani system was ....................... .

A.an economic system
B.a social system
C.a political system
D.a class system

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The key describes the jajmani system as an economic system.

W. H. Wiser, who introduced the term in The Hindu Jajmani System (1936), described it as a system of exchange of services among castes in a village: the service castes worked for their patrons (jajmans) and were paid mainly in grain at harvest and in customary gifts. At its core it was a system of production, exchange and payment, which is why textbooks call it an economic system.

It rested on caste and so also had social and ritual sides, but it was not a political system, and since it ran along caste lines rather than class it was not a class system.

Discuss in Forum

Jajmani system is characterised by :

A.Money economy
B.Barter system
C.Political system
D.Religious system

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The jajmani system is characterised by barter.

Under the jajmani system the service castes, such as the carpenter, blacksmith, barber and washerman, were paid by their patron families not in money but in kind: fixed shares of grain at harvest, food and clothes on festivals and at weddings, and sometimes a plot of land. Services were exchanged directly for goods.

A money economy is what eroded the jajmani system, as cash wages replaced customary payments. The system had political and religious aspects, but neither characterises it as the exchange in kind does.

Discuss in Forum

10.

Which one of the following is not the characteristic of a census town ?

A.A minimum population of 5000
B.At least 75% of male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits
C.A urban local body
D.A density of population at least 400 persons per sq. km.

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

The feature that is not a characteristic of a census town is A urban local body.

The Census of India classifies two kinds of urban place. Statutory towns are those with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee. Census towns are places that have no such body but meet three criteria: a population of at least 5,000, at least 75 per cent of the male main working population in non-agricultural work, and a density of at least 400 persons per sq. km.

The other three options are those three criteria, so having an urban local body is the one feature that marks a statutory town, not a census town.

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