Agro Processing Plant Design Questions and Answers

Answer: C

Correct answer: 11.0 million and above

At a contribution of 1300 per tonne, a fixed cost of 11.0 million needs 8462 tonnes to break even, and 14.0 million needs 10,769 - both above the realistic output of 7000 tonnes, so the plant would lose money every year. Only the 5.0 and 8.0 million cases break even within reach.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Compressed air

The lowest diversity factor marks the most intermittent demand, and compressed air has it at 0.55 - its consumers are cylinders and valves that operate in short bursts and rarely together. Refrigeration, at 0.85, is nearly continuous, as a cold store must be.

Answer: A

A crossing between raw and finished product is a food safety defect that no operating procedure reliably compensates for. The lower travel and handling cost make the extra hundred and fifty square metres easy to justify.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

The reason is exactly why the assertion holds. The heavy, perishable material is the one that must not travel; the processed product is stable and compact and can be sent anywhere. Siting therefore follows the raw material.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Because the crop arrives in a short window and cannot be held back, the plant must be able to take the peak rate or the surplus is lost. That is the whole reason capacity is set by the peak rather than by the average.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Since the slowest stage sets the throughput, a fine machine elsewhere in the line adds nothing - its extra capacity cannot be used. Balance therefore matters more than the rating of any individual stage, and the reason states precisely why.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

A crossing point between raw and finished paths is a route by which contamination travels, and no cleaning regime will close it permanently. Designing the flow to be unidirectional removes the route rather than managing it.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

\(2^{0.6} = 1.52\), so doubling the capacity raises the cost by about half again - the assertion is the arithmetic consequence of the reason. The exponent below one reflects the fact that a vessel’s cost grows with its surface while its capacity grows with its volume.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Buying a year’s raw material within one season, and then holding the product as stock until it sells, ties up far more money than a continuous plant needs - which is exactly why the usual ten per cent rule of thumb badly understates a seasonal plant’s requirement.

Answer: D

Correct answer: A is false but R is true

The reason refutes the assertion. Because consumers do not all peak together, the sum of individual maxima overstates the real demand - and a diversity factor must be applied. Sizing on the raw sum buys a boiler that is too large, costs more and runs inefficiently at part load.