Research in Physical Education Questions and Answers

Answer: D

The limitations were the natural surface as the track and running without running shoes. These conditions were outside the control of the investigator and could affect the speed, so they limit the study.

Boys as subjects and the fifteen subjects were chosen by the researcher, which makes them delimitations. The options that include them are therefore wrong.

Answer: B

A Type I error occurs when a null hypothesis is rejected when it is true. The researcher finds an effect that does not exist, and the probability of this is the level of significance, alpha.

Accepting a false null hypothesis is a Type II error, and accepting a true one or rejecting a false one are correct decisions.

Answer: B

The assertion is wrong and the reason is right. Kurtosis describes the peakedness or flatness of a distribution, and not the direction of the hump, which is skewness.

In a normal probability curve the mean, median and mode coincide, so (R) is right. The options that accept (A) are wrong.

Answer: C

Both statements are right and the reason explains the assertion. Analysis of variance tests the null hypothesis that two or more group means are equal.

With two groups it gives the same result as the independent t-test, so it is an extension of the t-test, and (R) explains why.

Answer: B

The correlation coefficient +0.10 shows the weakest relationship. The strength of a relationship depends on the size of the coefficient and not on its sign, and the closer the value is to zero the weaker the relationship. Among -0.59, +0.10, -1.0 and +0.76, the value +0.10 is nearest to zero. A coefficient of -1.0 is a perfect negative relationship, the strongest possible, and -0.59 and +0.76 are moderate and fairly strong.

Answer: D

Observation in which the participants do not know that the researcher is observing them is disguised observation. The researcher hides the purpose or identity so that behaviour stays natural. In participant observation the researcher joins the group, in non-participant observation he watches from outside, and undisguised observation is the one in which people know they are being observed, so disguise is what the question describes.

Answer: A

Both statements are true and the key takes (R) as the explanation of (A). The t-test is a parametric test of the null hypothesis that is used when the population variance is not known, for a single sample against a known mean and, in its two-sample form, to test the significance of the difference between two group means. It is the unknown variance that calls for the t distribution in place of the normal, so the key treats the reason as accounting for the use in the assertion.

Answer: A

The pair that is correctly matched is the variable manipulated by the researcher and the independent variable. The researcher changes the independent variable to see its effect on the dependent one. A variable that allows fractional amounts is continuous, not discrete, units that are detached and distinct make a discrete variable, not a dependent one, and the variable measured in the study is the dependent variable, not a continuous one.

Answer: D

The library technique of research involves scanning, scouting and gleaning.

In the library method the researcher scans the material to see what it contains, scouts for the sources that bear on the problem, and gleans from them the facts and ideas needed for the study.

Statistical analysis is a step of quantitative research, applied to data after it is collected, and is not part of library technique. So all options that include it are rejected. Library work is done before any field or laboratory work, because it shows what has already been studied.

Answer: B

A variable that usually consists of whole number units is a discrete variable.

Discrete variables take separate counted values, such as the number of goals or the number of players, with no values in between.

A continuous variable can take any value in a range, such as time or height. Independent and dependent are roles a variable plays in a study and say nothing about whether it comes in whole units. Number of goals scored is a typical discrete variable, while running time is continuous.