Air Pollution and Its Control Questions and Answers

Q: Acid rain is primarily caused by the emission of

Acid rain is caused mainly by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.Sulphur dioxide from burning coal and oil, and nitrogen oxides from vehicles and power plants, react with water vapour and oxygen in the air to form sulphuric and nitric acids, which fall as acid rain:\[ \begin{aligned} \text{SO}_2 &\rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \\ \text{NO}_x &\rightarrow \text{HNO}_3 \end{aligned} \]Carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases; carbon dioxide forms only the weak carbonic acid present in all rain. Ozone and carbon monoxide are pollutants but not the main acid-formers, and ammonia is alkaline.

Q: Sulphur dioxide causes _____.

Sulphur dioxide causes Acid rain.Sulphur dioxide from burning coal and oil, and from smelting, is oxidised in the air and dissolves in water droplets to form sulphuric acid. Together with nitric acid from nitrogen oxides, this falls as acid rain that damages forests, lakes and buildings such as the Taj Mahal.Global warming is driven mainly by carbon dioxide and methane, and ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons. Water pollution is too general: acid rain is the specific effect of sulphur dioxide.

Q: Carbon monoxide is pollutant as it

Carbon monoxide is a pollutant because it combines with hemoglobin.CO binds to haemoglobin about 200 times more strongly than oxygen, forming carboxyhaemoglobin. Blood then carries much less oxygen to the tissues, causing headache, dizziness and, at high levels, death by suffocation.It does not act by inactivating nerves or blocking glycolysis. It does burn in oxygen to form carbon dioxide, but that is not why it is poisonous; its danger lies in displacing oxygen from haemoglobin.

Q: Pesticide responsible for Ozone depletion is

The answer is None of these.Ozone in the stratosphere is destroyed mainly by chlorine and bromine compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons, halons, carbon tetrachloride and methyl bromide. Methyl bromide is the pesticide (a soil fumigant) controlled under the Montreal Protocol for this reason.BHC, DDT and malathion are harmful pesticides because of their toxicity and, for BHC and DDT, their persistence and biomagnification in food chains, but they are not ozone-depleting substances.

Q: Which among the following is the major cause of acid rain ?

Of the options, the major cause of acid rain is nitrogen dioxide.Acid rain forms when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, mainly from burning fossil fuels in power plants and vehicles, react with water vapour to form sulphuric and nitric acids. Nitrogen dioxide gives nitric acid.Carbon dioxide dissolves to give only the weak carbonic acid, which makes ordinary rain slightly acidic but is not the cause of acid rain. Carbon monoxide is poisonous but does not form an acid, and oxygen is not a pollutant.

21.

Acid rain is primarily caused by the emission of

A.\(\text{CO}_{2}\) and \(\text{CH}_{4}\)
B.\(\text{SO}_{2}\) and \(\text{No}_{x}\) (Nitrogen oxides)
C.\(\text{O}_{3}\) and CO
D.\(\text{NH}_{3}\) and \(\text{H}_{2}\text{S}\)

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2026,

Answer: B

Acid rain is caused mainly by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Sulphur dioxide from burning coal and oil, and nitrogen oxides from vehicles and power plants, react with water vapour and oxygen in the air to form sulphuric and nitric acids, which fall as acid rain:

\[ \begin{aligned} \text{SO}_2 &\rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \\ \text{NO}_x &\rightarrow \text{HNO}_3 \end{aligned} \]

Carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases; carbon dioxide forms only the weak carbonic acid present in all rain. Ozone and carbon monoxide are pollutants but not the main acid-formers, and ammonia is alkaline.

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22.

Acid rain is caused by

A.\(\text{SO}_{2}\) and CO
B.\(\text{SO}_{2}\) and \(\text{NO}_{2}\)
C.\(\text{NH}_{3}\) and CO
D.\(\text{PH}_{3}\) and CO

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2021,

Answer: B

Acid rain is caused by \(\text{SO}_{2}\) and \(\text{NO}_{2}\).

Sulphur dioxide from burning coal and oil and nitrogen oxides from vehicles and power stations react with water and oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid, which fall as acid rain and damage lakes, forests and buildings.

Carbon monoxide does not form a strong acid in rain, ammonia is a base, not an acid former, and phosphine is not a significant cause. Every other option pairs one of these with a gas that does not cause acid rain.

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23.

Sulphur dioxide causes _____.

A.Global warming
B.Ozone layer depletion
C.Water pollution
D.Acid rain

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: D

Sulphur dioxide causes Acid rain.

Sulphur dioxide from burning coal and oil, and from smelting, is oxidised in the air and dissolves in water droplets to form sulphuric acid. Together with nitric acid from nitrogen oxides, this falls as acid rain that damages forests, lakes and buildings such as the Taj Mahal.

Global warming is driven mainly by carbon dioxide and methane, and ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons. Water pollution is too general: acid rain is the specific effect of sulphur dioxide.

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24.

\(\text{SO}_{2}\) and \(\text{NO}_{2}\) produce pollution by increasing

A.Alkalinity
B.Acidity
C.Nutrality
D.Buffer action

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2021,

Answer: B

\(\text{SO}_{2}\) and \(\text{NO}_{2}\) cause pollution by increasing acidity.

Both gases are oxides of non-metals. In the atmosphere they react with water and oxygen to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid, which come down as acid rain, lowering the pH of rain, soil, lakes and rivers.

They do not make the environment alkaline, and 'neutrality' or buffer action would counter pollution rather than cause it. Acid rain damages forests, aquatic life and buildings such as marble monuments.

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25.

Carbon monoxide is pollutant as it

A.inactivates nerves
B.inhibits glycolysis
C.combines with oxygen
D.combines with hemoglobin

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2021,

Answer: D

Carbon monoxide is a pollutant because it combines with hemoglobin.

CO binds to haemoglobin about 200 times more strongly than oxygen, forming carboxyhaemoglobin. Blood then carries much less oxygen to the tissues, causing headache, dizziness and, at high levels, death by suffocation.

It does not act by inactivating nerves or blocking glycolysis. It does burn in oxygen to form carbon dioxide, but that is not why it is poisonous; its danger lies in displacing oxygen from haemoglobin.

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26.

Pesticide responsible for Ozone depletion is

A.BHC
B.DDT
C.Melathion
D.None of these

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2021,

Answer: D

The answer is None of these.

Ozone in the stratosphere is destroyed mainly by chlorine and bromine compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons, halons, carbon tetrachloride and methyl bromide. Methyl bromide is the pesticide (a soil fumigant) controlled under the Montreal Protocol for this reason.

BHC, DDT and malathion are harmful pesticides because of their toxicity and, for BHC and DDT, their persistence and biomagnification in food chains, but they are not ozone-depleting substances.

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27.

Which among the following is the major cause of acid rain ?

A.Carbon dioxide
B.Carbon monoxide
C.Oxygen
D.Nitrogen dioxide

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: D

Of the options, the major cause of acid rain is nitrogen dioxide.

Acid rain forms when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, mainly from burning fossil fuels in power plants and vehicles, react with water vapour to form sulphuric and nitric acids. Nitrogen dioxide gives nitric acid.

Carbon dioxide dissolves to give only the weak carbonic acid, which makes ordinary rain slightly acidic but is not the cause of acid rain. Carbon monoxide is poisonous but does not form an acid, and oxygen is not a pollutant.

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