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Introduction To Database Questions and Answers

11.

In DML, RECONNCT command cannot be used with

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

In the CODASYL DML the RECONNECT command moves a member record from one set occurrence to another, and it cannot be used with a FIXED set, because in a FIXED retention class a member cannot be removed from its owner once it has been connected.

OPTIONAL set membership allows a member to be disconnected and reconnected, and MANDATORY allows it to be moved to another owner but not to be left unconnected, so RECONNECT works with these. So 'All of the above' is wrong.

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12.

The User Work Area (UWA) is a set of Program variables declared in the host program to communicate the contents of individual records between

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The User Work Area (UWA) is a set of program variables declared in the host program, used to exchange the contents of individual records between the host program and the DBMS. When a record is read the DBMS places its values in the UWA, and when a record is stored the program places them there.

It does not carry data between the DBMS and a 'host record', nor between the host program and a host record or the host language, since the host program and DBMS are the two sides that communicate through it.

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13.

Which level of Abstraction describes how data are stored in the data base ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The physical level of abstraction describes how the data are actually stored in the data base, in terms of files, blocks and index structures. The logical level describes what data are stored and the relationships among them, and the view level describes only the part of the data base that a user sees. 'Abstraction level' is not one of the three levels. The keyed answer is the physical level.

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14.

What deletes the entire file except the file structure ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The command that deletes all the records but keeps the file structure is ZAP.

In dBase and FoxPro, ZAP removes every record from the open table at once and leaves the empty structure in place, with no way back. DELETE (B) only marks records for deletion, PACK (D) then removes the marked records, and ERASE (A) deletes the whole file from the disk, structure included.

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15.

Which command is the fastest among the following ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The fastest of the four is COPY STRUCTURE TO <NEW FILE>.

It copies only the structure of the table, that is the field names, types and widths, and no records, so it has the least data to write. COPY TO <NEW FILE> (A) copies the whole table with all its records, COPY FILE (C) copies the full file at the operating system level, and COPY TO ... DELIMITED (D) copies every record and converts it into a text file, so the last is the slowest. The time taken rises with the amount of data written.

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16.

Which level of Abstraction describes what data are stored in the Database ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The three levels of abstraction in a database are the physical level, which describes how the data are stored, the logical level, which describes what data are stored and the relationships among them, and the view level, which describes the part of the database one user group sees. The question asks which level describes what data are stored, so it is the logical level, option (D). The physical level describes how, not what, and 'abstraction level' is not one of the levels.

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17.

GO BOTTOM and SKIP-3 commands are given one after another in a database file of 30 records. It shifts the control to

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

GO BOTTOM moves the record pointer to the last record, record 30. SKIP -3 then moves the pointer three records backwards.

\[ 30 - 3 = 27 \]

So control moves to the 27th record. Record 28 would be the result of skipping only two records back, and records 3 and 4 would result only if the commands counted from the top of the file, which GO BOTTOM does not do.

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18.

Which of the following is not a type of Database Management System ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Sequential is not a type of database management system, so the answer is (D). The standard database models are the hierarchical model, in which records form a tree with parent and child links, the network model, which allows a record to have several owners through sets, and the relational model, which stores data in tables. Sequential access describes the way a file is read, record after record in order, and not a way of organising a database. So (A), (B) and (C) are real DBMS types and (D) is the odd one out.

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19.

A Network Schema

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

A network schema permits many to many relationships, option (B). In the network model a record type can take part in several sets and a record can have more than one owner, and a many to many relationship is represented using two one to many sets with a connecting record. This is the difference from the hierarchical model, which restricts a child to one parent and therefore to one to many links, so (A) describes the hierarchical case. Storing data in a database, option (C), is true of any schema and says nothing special about the network type, and storing data in a relation, option (D), describes the relational model.

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20.

Which are the two ways in which entities can participate in a relationship?

Answer: B

Correct answer: Total and partial

Participation is total when every entity of the set must take part in the relationship - every loan must have a borrower - and partial when only some need to. In an E-R diagram total participation is drawn with a double line.

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